BIOL130 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Integral Membrane Protein, Membrane Transport Protein, Electrochemical Gradient

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blushworm18

1 Aug 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL130

Professor

Heidi Engelhardt

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Document Summary

Diffusion process by which molecules and small particles move from one location to another by random, thermally- 1driven motion. Facilitated diffusion - process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions down/across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins and with the assistance (input) of atp. Passive transport the spontaneous movement of a solute down/across its concentration gradient across a cell membrane via a membrane transport protein such as a channel or transporter. Active transport the movement of a solute across a membrane against its electrochemical gradient; requires an input of energy such as that provided by atp. Cotransport - process in which two substances are simultaneously transported across a membrane by one protein, or protein complex which does not have atpase activity. Antiport type of coupled transporter (/integral membrane protein) that transfers. 2 different ions or small molecules across a membrane in opposite directions, either simultaneously or in sequence.

Related Questions

Know the relative intracellular and extracellular concentrations of K⁺, Na⁺, and Cl^-.

Lipid bilayers are permeable and impermeable to which types of molecules?

Compare and contrast membrane transport via channels and transporters.

What are concentration and electrochemical gradients? How do such gradients affect transport across a membrane?

How do active and passive transport differ? What are examples of each?

What are the three types of active transport?

Compare and contrast membrane transport via symport and antiport transporters.

Be familiar with the characteristics and abilities of the glucose transporter, Na⁺-K⁺ pump, Ca²⁺ pump, glucose-Na²⁺ symport, and bacteriorhodopsin.

How is glucose transported into and out of epithelial cells that line the gut?

1 Which of the following statements is false?

(a) CO₂ and O₂ can diffuse freely across the cell membranes.

(b) The differences in permeability between artificial lipid bilayers and cell membranes arise from variations in phospholipid content.

(d) Cells expend energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis to maintain ion concentrations that differ from those found outside the cell.

2 Cells use membranes to help maintain set ranges of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell. Which of the following ions is the most abundant inside a typical mammalian cell?

(a) Na⁺

(b) K⁺

(d) Cl^â

3 Pumps are transporters that are able to harness energy provided by other components in the cells and drive the movement of solutes across membranes, against their concentration gradient. This type of transport is called _____________.

(a) active transport.

(b) free diffusion.

(d) passive transport.

harlequinbuffalo618

Read the following scenarios and indicate which of the following processes they describe.

11. Sodium molecules move randomly around a solution of sodium chloride in water, frequently colliding with other sodium ions and chloride ions. secondary active transport diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion primary active transport

12. Sodium ions (Na+) move through sodium channels in a synthetic membrane. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis

13. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis

14. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in pure water. facilitated diffusion osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport

15. Water molecules move out of a cell placed in a hypertonic solution. facilitated diffusion primary active transport secondary active transport osmosis

16. The action of sodium-potassium pumps moves sodium ions (Na+) out of a cell and potassium ions (K+) into a cell. facilitated diffusion secondary active transport osmosis primary active transport

17. Glucose molecules move into cells lining the intestine against their concentration gradient driven by the movement of sodium ions (Na+) into the cells down their concentration gradient. osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport facilitated diffusion

18. A beaker of water is separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows the passage of water but not ions. A solution of 4% sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed on one side of the membrane and pure water is placed on the other side of the membrane. The solutions are allowed to equilibrate. At this point, which process is going on? facilitated diffusion osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport

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BIOL130 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Integral Membrane Protein, Membrane Transport Protein, Electrochemical Gradient

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