1)Mechanims by which antibiotics kill or inhibit microbialgrowth are: a) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis b) Injury of cellmembrane c) Inhibition of protein synthesis d) Inhibition of DNA orRNA synthesis e) All of the above
2)The semisynthetic methicillin has the advantage of: a) Beingbroad spectrum b) Being inactivated by penicillanse only onprolonged usage c) Not being affected by penicillinase d) All ofthe above e) None of the above
3)Which of the following interfere with cell wall synthesis? a)Chloramphenicol b) Tetracyclines c) Penicillin d) Bacitracin e)Only C and D above
4)A rare but serious complication of chloramphenicol treatmentis: a) Kidney damage b) deafness due to damage of eight cranialnerve c) Anemia due to suppression of bone marrow cells d0 Anemiadue to destruction of circulationg red blood cells e) None of theabove
5)The development of drug resistance in a microorganism may bedue to: a) Abilty of the organism to destroy the abtibioticb)mutation that allows the organism to by-pass the sensitive stepc)Sporulation d)All of the above e) Only A and B above
6)The synthesis of vitamins B and K by enteric bacteria providesan example: a) Commensalism b) Symbiosis c) Opportunism d)Infection e) synegestic effect
7)The normal habotat of Staphylococcus aureus may be: a) Urinarytract b) stomach c) Healthy tissues d) nose, throat, and skin e)Scalp
8)Clostridium perfringens may be found as a part of the normalflora in: a) Mouth b) Intestines c) Lungs d) Urinary tract e)Wounds
9)A disease constantly present in a locality is said to be: a)Endemic b) Epidemic c) Pandemic d) Sporadic e) Reservoir
10)Foreign substances that induce a specific immune responseafter gaining entrance to the body are termed: a) Antigens b)Antibodies c) Cytolysins d) Complement e) None o the above
11)Essential prperties of an antigen are: a) It must be foreignto the host b) It must be degradable by the host c) It must be alarge molecule and possess at least two different determinantgroups d) It must posses a three-dimentional or tertiary structuree) All of the above
12)Based on antigenic differences inH chains, antibodies havebeen divided into the following classes: a) IgG and Iga b) IgM andIgD c0 Ige d) all of the above e)None of the above
13)quantitatively the largest class of immunoglobulins in humanserum is: a) IgG b) IgA c) IgM d) IgD e)IgE
14)Which of the following statements are applicable to IgMimmunoglobulins: a) They are the antibodies first to be detectedafter injection of an antigen b) In the presence of complement,they are highly lethal to gram-negative bacteria c) They play animportantnprotective role during the early stags of infection d)All of the above e) None of the above
15)Antibodies are chiefly produced by: a) Lymphocytes b)Eosinophilis c) Erythrocutes d) Polymorphonuclear neutrophils e)None of the above
16)Today antiserum is mainly used for: a) Temporary preventionof certain viral infections b) Neutralization of certain potentbacterial toxins c) Treatment of hepatitis patients d) Only A and Babove e) None of the above
17)antiserum may be described as: a) Blood serum that containsantibodies b) Blood serum that contains antigens c) Blood serumthat contain an antibiotic d) Bovine blood serum prior to injectionof an antigen e) None of the above
18)The sources of antiserum are: a) Chemical synthesis in thelaboratory b) Blood from animal that has developed antibodies to aspecific antigen c) Gamma globulin separatd from pooled human bloodd) All of the above e) Only B and C above
19)The major advantage of antiserum is: a) It is quickly andeasily produced b)It provides circulationg antibodies immediatelyc) It can be administered orally d) All of the above e) none of theabove
20) A viral vaccine for the common cold probably would not bebeneficial because: a) A pure culture cannot be frown in tissuecultures b) A multiplicity of viral agents is responsible for thecoomon cold c) Immunity is of brief duration d) All of the above e)None of the above
