ZOO 3210 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Oxygen, Osmotic Concentration, Osmosis
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ZOO 3210
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Readings: Chapter 22
Explain why physiologists are impressed with the migration of bar-
headed geese (Anser indicus)
•
Calculate the PO2 at the top of Mt. Everest.
•
Explain the role of convection vs diffusion in the O2 path from
environment to mitochondria.
•
Learning Outcomes:
Birds perform a energetically-demanding migration in an
extremely oxygen-poor environment
○
The geese ascent to the highest part of the migration which
can be over 5,500m in the Himalayas in under 8 hours so
they have no opportunity to acclimatise
○
These birds perform one of the most demanding migrations on
earth, as they travel across the Tibetan plateau between their
breeding grounds in Mongolia and Chines, and their wintering
grounds in the Indian subcontinent
•
How do they regulate body temperature?
○
How do they obtain sufficient oxygen at high latitudes?
○
What energy stores do they have to build up prior to the
migration to have a successful journey?
○
How would metabolic rates change over the migration?
○
Questions:
•
Anatomy of bird respiratory system
○
Diffusion of molecules, properties of skeletal muscle
○
Properties of hemoglobin
○
What do we know?
•
Properties of O2 and CO2 in air vs. water
○
O2 cascade (convection, diffusion)
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Cross current gas exchange
○
O2 and CO2 transport in blood (acid-base balance)
○
Regulation of heart and circulatory system
○
Response to hypoxia, low temperature and exercise
○
What we need to know:
•
Case Study: Bar-Headed Geese
Respiration & Cardiovascular System
Tuesday,+ January+ 9,+2018
12:30+PM
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Response to hypoxia, low temperature and exercise
○
The pressure exerted on objects by the atmospheric air
above Earth's surface at sea level can push a column of
mercury to a height of 760 mm
760 mmHg = 1 atm = 101 kPa
Atmospheric pressure:
○
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the
sum of the partial pressures exerted by the individual
constituents of the mixture
Total pressure (in atm) * (% of gas / 100)
= partial pressure of gas x
Overall:
□
1 atm * (78.08 / 100) = 0.7808 atm
Partial pressure of nitrogen at sea level:
□
1 atm * (
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide at sea level:
□
Calculations:
Partial pressure:
○
8,848 km altitude
Total pressure = 0.33 atm
Oxygen = 21% of air
Partial pressure of oxygen: 0.33 * (21/100) = 0.0693
atm
Question: What is the PO2 at the top of Mount Everest?
○
Gases in Air
1.
Air: PO2 = 0.1 atm
Solution: PO2 = 0.0 atm
At the start, there is no oxygen in the solution
○
Air & Solution: PO2 = 0.1 atm
Over time, solution will achieve equilibrium with the air
○
Air: Concentration of O2 = 5.0 mmol/L
Solution: Concentration of O2 = 0.16 mmol/L
Because the solubility of O2 in aqueous solutions is low, the
concentration of O2 dissolved in water is much lower than in
air (even though partial pressures are equal)
○
C = concentration of gas dissolved in
C (mmol/L) = A (mmol/L/atm) * P (atm)
□
Henry's Law:
Calculations:
○
Gases in Water
2.
Basics:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Explain why physiologists are impressed with the migration of bar- headed geese (anser indicus) Calculate the po2 at the top of mt. Explain the role of convection vs diffusion in the o2 path from environment to mitochondria. These birds perform one of the most demanding migrations on earth, as they travel across the tibetan plateau between their breeding grounds in mongolia and chines, and their wintering grounds in the indian subcontinent. Birds perform a energetically-demanding migration in an extremely oxygen-poor environment. The geese ascent to the highest part of the migration which can be over 5,500m in the himalayas in under 8 hours so they have no opportunity to acclimatise. Properties of o2 and co2 in air vs. water. O2 and co2 transport in blood (acid-base balance) The pressure exerted on objects by the atmospheric air above earth"s surface at sea level can push a column of mercury to a height of 760 mm.
