BIOM 3200 Study Guide - Final Guide: Motor Neuron, Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology
28 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Nervous System
• What is the difference between the nervous system structure and function,
and what are the structures?
- Anatomy = Structure
- Physiology = Function
- Anatomy has 2 divisions: - CNS: brain + spinal cord
- PNS: peripheral nerves + ganglia
• Why is physiology so associated with anatomy in the nervous system?
- To understand inherited + acquired diseases AND drug modulation
- Neuron = minimal functional ‘unit’ of nervous system
- Fundamental concept: nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells
- Neurons only do 2 (3) things:
Conduct ‘electrical’ signals – action potentials
Release ‘chemical’ signals – neurotransmitters
- ∴ much of what the nervous system does – neurophysiology – depends on
where these processes occur – neuroanatomy.
• What are the functions of the nervous system?
1) Control of movement & some functions = Motor Nerves
2) Detection of external stimuli = Sensory Nerves
3) Integration of neuronal activity & connections = Association Neurons
w/n CNS, responsible for behavior, thought, emotions, etc.
• Describe briefly the neuron and synapses?
- Neuron: basic functional unit of NS; cell body – dendrites – axons
- Dendrites: receive information from sensory receptors (or other cells) and send
it to the cell body
- Axons: deliver electric signals from the cell body to another neuron or an
effector organ (muscle)
- A neuron performs the function of moving ‘info’ rapidly by conducting electrical
impulses – Action Potentials – from one physical location to another, then
converting the electrical impulse to a chemical signal at Synapse
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• gh/
• What are the functional classification of neurons ?
- Functional classification is based on the direction in which they conduct
impulses
- ‘SENSORY’/’AFFERENT’ neurons conduct impulses from sensory receptors
INTO the CNS…
- ‘ASSOCIATION’/’INTERNEURONS’ are located entirely within the CNS and
help integrate CNS functions
- ‘MOTOR’/’EFFERNT’ neurons conduct impulses from sensory receptors OUT
OF the CNS… (to effector organs)
- Somatic Motor Neurons: reflex & voluntary control of skeletal muscles
- Autonomic Motor Neurons: Involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle, and glands.
Autonomic Neurons: Sympathetic + Parasympathetic
Information is
consolidated in the
axon hillock
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Describe a simple neural circuit?
1) Sensory/ Afferent – carry signals to CNS
2) Motor/ Efferent – carry signals from CNS
3) Interneurons – signals from one neuron to another
• What are the structural classifications of Neurons?
- 4 types of Neurons:
1) Pseudopolar (unipolar): sensory, 1 process that splits
2) Bipolar, retinal and cochlear: 2 process
3) Multipolar, most common, motor & association: many dendrites, one axon
4) Anaxonic, some CNS neurons, no obvious axon
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
What is the difference between the nervous system structure and function, Anatomy has 2 divisions: - cns: brain + spinal cord. To understand inherited + acquired diseases and drug modulation. Neuron = minimal functional unit" of nervous system. Fundamental concept: nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells. Neuron: basic functional unit of ns; cell body dendrites axons. Dendrites: receive information from sensory receptors (or other cells) and send it to the cell body. Axons: deliver electric signals from the cell body to another neuron or an effector organ (muscle) A neuron performs the function of moving info" rapidly by conducting electrical impulses action potentials from one physical location to another, then converting the electrical impulse to a chemical signal at synapse. Functional classification is based on the direction in which they conduct impulses. Sensory"/"afferent" neurons conduct impulses from sensory receptors. Association"/"interneurons" are located entirely within the cns and help integrate cns functions.
