BIOL 1070 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Positive Feedback, Homeostasis, Lightdark
27 Mar 2016
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Organisms must also balance the ion composition of their internal fluids. Ions are obtained from food or directly from the environment (especially in aquatic animals). Rate of exchange depends on membrane surface area. Amount of substance required depends on volume of the organism. Complex animals must also have a circulatory fluid that carries gases, wastes, and nutrients to the interstitial fluid. Respiratory systems and digestive systems have direct contact with the external environment. Interstitial fluid the fluid surrounding cells where dissolved substances can be exchanged. Ectotherms (e. g. , amphibians, fishes) do not regulate temperature, but do regulate many other internal variables, such as blood [na+]. Endotherms (mammals and birds), which regulate body temperature to within a narrow range around a set point, along with other variables such as blood ph, ion concentration, and glucose. Different levels of organization molecules macromolecules cells whole organisms populations communities ecosystems. Acclimatization adjustment by individual organisms to chronic stresses.
