BIOL 1070 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Species Problem, Local Extinction, Genetic Drift

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Document Summary

Mutation the origin of new genetic variation. Genetic drift- changes due to chance, specifically founder effects and population bottlenecks. Natural selection is non-random and the only way there can be evolution. Natural selection: non-random differences in survival and/or reproduction among individual entities on the basis of differences in heritable characteristics. Adaptation: 1) a characteristic that enhances the survival and/or reproduction of organisms that bear it, relative to alternative (especially ancestral) character states; 2) a physical, physiological, behavioural, or other characteristic evolved through natural selection. Adaptation is not the change undergone by an individual organism during its lifetime in response to external conditions. Population: for sexual species, a group of interbreeding individuals and their offspring. Alleles: alternate (i. e. , different and mutually exclusive) forms of a gene. e. g. , b (brown eyes) versus b (blue eyes). Genotype: the set of genes possessed by an organism. Phenotype: the physical expression of the genotype (in combination with the environment).

Related Questions

Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:

A. Gene flow

B. Genetic drift

C. Natural selection

D. Balancing selection

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Question 21 pts

What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Positive selection

D. Artificial selection

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Question 31 pts

Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?

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Question 41 pts

The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.

A. Mutation; balancing selection

B. Gene flow; sexual dimorphism

C. Male competition; female choice

D. Mate choice; genetic drift

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Question 51 pts

Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.

True

False

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Question 61 pts

Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.

True

False

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Question 71 pts

The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.

True

False

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Question 81 pts

Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?

A. After pollution levels increased, all moths became darkercolored because soot got on their wings

B. The dark moths survived better after pollution levelsincreased because they were not poisoned by the pollutants

C. Individual moths changed their color in response to thepollution

D. Dark moths were present in the population before pollutionlevels increased

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Question 91 pts

Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level

True

False

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Question 101 pts

Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.