ZOOL224 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Fish Fin, Fish, Bone

• School: University of Alberta
• Department: Zoology (Biological Sciences)
• Course: ZOOL224
• Professor: Anne Besson

Document Summary

Jaws - gnathostomes: cartilage - chondrichthyes, bone. Amniotes are grouped by the number of temporal openings in their skulls (temporal fenestrae). The temporal openings likely developed in conjunction with stronger jaw muscles, which would have made them better at catching prey: temporal fenestrae, anapsids - no openings, indicative of the earliest reptiles. Paraphyletic. (the anapsid lineage split into the sauropsids and the synapsids. : sauropsids - all birds and other reptiles, including extinct species. Systemic oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart around the body, where it loses oxygen and is pumped back to the heart. Classification: aristotle - rudimentary morphological classifications (384 - 322 bc) Se(cid:272)ond dupli(cid:272)ation ja(cid:449)s and appendages: micrornas. Function: regulating/silencing the expression of specific genes: have more mirnas than any invertebrates. Increase in mrnas is thought to correlate with vertebrate complexity: neural crest cells - unique to vertebrates. First event in neurulation - a thickened area of cells called the neural plate (above notochord)