NUTR100 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Metabolism, Fat
12 Oct 2018
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Department
Course
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NUTR100
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
NUTR 100
LECTURE 1 - CHAPTER 1
Chapter 1
nutrients required to support reproduction and improve health
essential nutrients cant be made by the body or cant have enough that the body needs
some foods high in some nutrients low in others
changes made easier to obtain meal or snack as convenience but intake of nutrients have
changed
need 2-3 servings per day of milk and alternatives
at least 7 servings per day of fruits and veggies
bar graph is percentage of canadians eating less than recommended servings
eating out a lot more contributes to higher fat intake
top 3 - cancer, heart disease, stroke - can modulate with nutrient intake
high fat - increase chance for cancer
low fruit and veg - increase risk for heart disease and cancer
macronutrients/ energy yielding nutrients - needed in large amounts
calories spelled with a big C is a kilocalorie - because general public is confused by kilocalorie
carbs - sugar units linked together,
fibre is one but does not provide energy, good for preventing cancer, good for intestinal
health
lipids - fatty acids
concentrated form of energy - more kilocals per gram than carbs
9 kilocals per gram
triglycerides
cholesterol - can increase your risk of heart disease
proteins - different types of amino acids in different sequences
4 calories per gram
protein in animal products matches needs for amino acids more so than plant proteins
R group determines the type of amino acid, every amino acid has an acid group and amino
group
water - acts as a lubricant, transports fluid, regulate body temperature; something caffeinated
can cause you to lose water
micronutrients - needed in smaller amounts
milogram or microgram amounts
vitamins - organic nutrients that dont provide energy but provide assistance for metabolic
purposes, coenzymes, etc
growth, vision, blood clotting, oxygen transport
minerals and inorganic minerals that dont provide energy - needed for bone strength, muscle
contraction, fluid balance, etc.
high in fresh foods
really important for good health
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
ingesting a supplement when not needed - greater risk of toxicity
4 -5 process foods supply some vitamins and minerals - fortified - milk fortified with vitamin A
and D; calcium fortified orange juice;
functions of nutrients - providing energy
if less energy consumed than needed - burns some of energy stored that it needs, see weight
loss
forming structures
proteins form ligaments and tendons
lipids and proteins make up membranes that surround the cell
regulating body processes
all metabolic systems in the body need to be regulated - homeostasis
proteins make enzymes
vits and mins help speed up or slow down actions
carbs - energy during exercise
lipids - energy storage role
all work together to maintain homeostasis
nutrient intake and health
undernutrition the most common form of malnutrition - can cause inability to reproduce, death
can also cause problems with bodily functions
ex/ lack of vitamin A - poor vision
over nutrition - eating an access of energy- providing foods - high calorie usually processed or
fast foods, and low intake of foods you do need
Food Availability
geography - more prevalent factor in developing countries in the world, nutrients lacking in local
foods will be lacking in the population.
transportation and mobility - developing countries have the ability to store, transport food
properly
socioeconomic factors - lower incomes have harder time purchasing healthier foods
food storage and prep equipment - ex/ not having a fridge
cultural and personal background
religious dietary laws - jewish/muslims - no pork,
ethnic menu preferences - ex rice in Japan,
social acceptability - food the centre piece of many social events, eating something out of
politeness, etc
psychological and emotional factors - bad day/ good day, habits
health concerns - if sick might go out of way to eat healthier, etc…
nutrient density
important because insures that we are not going to ingest excess or inefficient amounts of
nutrients
nutrient dense foods contain a substantial amount of a nutrient needed in diet per calorie, ex/
few calories but high calcium
ex broccoli has little calories but is high in calcium, vitamin c, vitamin a, folate
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
