CHEM101 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Oxygen, Unified Atomic Mass Unit, Ribose
CHEM101
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Introductory University Chemistry 1:
Unit 1-Atomic Structure
What is chemistry?:
-chemistry is the study of matter
What is matter made of?:
-matter is made up of atoms and molecules; meaning anything
made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and
negatively charged electrons.
How do matter interact with each other?:
-Gravitational force: also known as gravity, which makes any two
objects, and particle, attract. It has an infinite range and its effects
become exponentially weaker as distance increases.
-Electromagnetic: compared to gravity its a much stronger force. It
is also weaker as distance increases. One major difference is that it
acts only between charged particles pulling or pushing them apart,
depending on their charge.
-Strong nuclear: it is by far the strongest force known in the
universe (wow). It can be observed holding protons and neutrons
together in atoms.
-Weak nuclear: weaker than electromagnetic though much stronger
than gravitational force. It is responsible for radioactivity.
Atoms: the smallest component of an element.
An atom is a form of matter which may not be further broken down.
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A typical atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Development of the Fundamental Chemical Laws and
the Atomic Theory:
-Democritus was the first one to propose that matter is made up of
invisible particles called atoms.
-Law of Conservation of Mass: matter is neither destroyed nor
created.
-Law of Constant Composition: A given sample of compound
always contains the same fraction or ratio of the element by mass.
(check chemistry notebook for the work shown, and for a
better understanding).
-Law of Multiple Proportions: When elements A and B form
more than one compound (double replacement),
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CHEM101 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
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Document Summary
Matter is made up of atoms and molecules; meaning anything made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons. Gravitational force: also known as gravity, which makes any two objects, and particle, attract. It has an in nite range and its e ects become exponentially weaker as distance increases. Electromagnetic: compared to gravity its a much stronger force. One major di erence is that it acts only between charged particles pulling or pushing them apart, depending on their charge. Strong nuclear: it is by far the strongest force known in the universe (wow). It can be observed holding protons and neutrons together in atoms. Weak nuclear: weaker than electromagnetic though much stronger than gravitational force. An atom is a form of matter which may not be further broken down. A typical atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Development of the fundamental chemical laws and the atomic theory:
