ANTH 243 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Wisdom Tooth, Tobacco, Special Effect
ANTH 243
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
History of Archaeology
Speculative Phrase
● Could be punished
Monumental architecture: presents a message
Renaissance: Greek and Rome → rebels, peoples who didn’t work
Curiosity cabinet → just artifact → no information on where they came from and what they were
used for
Thomas Jefferson → Built by local indigenous people found on his property
Stratigraphy → going down levels
Darkside → political justification, many of the interpretation was bias → all males, wealthy, white
Uniformitarianism
● 19th century Lyell → geology → superposition → earth may be older than 2002
● Similar processes occurring today as in remote past
● Provided a suitable timeframe for biological
I.e evolution vs Bishop Usher (literal translation of bible)
Copper→ Bronze 00> Iron → Three Stone Age
On the Origin of Species
● Alternative to divine creation
● European age of exploration, modern science 1859
● Evolution does not occur to the individual but the species
● John Stephens ( in class) first American to set foot in Petra, first travel blogger
Human Progress
● Need to classify societies that were completely different than Europeans
Stages of development
● Strategy (hunting)→ barbarians (farming) → civilization (Society)
● Hunters = Victoria England
● Unilineal evolution→ change develop
● Heavily civilized → Social Darwinism, hierarchy of humans (racism), Fray Boas heavily
appeased
Classification and Consolidation
● Modern techniques only a century old
● Indu
Strial Era - lots of money, give back based on reputation not evidence
Diffusion
● Alternative to unilinear social evolution
● Variation due to differences in contact and adoption of traits and goods
Cultural History ( or descriptive Archaeology)
● Description and classifying artifacts and developing, chronologies
● The method became the goal
V. Gordon Childe (Aussie)
● Neolithic Revolution (adopt agriculture)
● Urban revolution
● Top 10 list for what civilization need/ have
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Cultural Ecology
● Resurgence of cultural evolution 1950’s
● Julian Steward
● Environment
What is cultural ecology?
● Process vs just description
Radiocarbon dating, why important?
● Just need carbon to date anything
Sputnik Effect (NSF)
● Satellite Russians sent to space, science allowed in schools, National Science
Foundation
New Archaeology (Processual Archaeology)
● Experiments, scientific methods, explanation
● Lewis Binford → he was the one who created scientific archaeology. Science based
research and explanation
● Reaction to CH ( cultural history 27)
Post Processual Archaeology
● Ian Hadder
● Left women and children out (support, non-exserted)
● Reaction to professional archaeology CPA
● Scientist being ain bias into piece
● Look at other area, being diversity out
The Widening Field
● History of being dominated by men
● Feminist Archaeology (Tatiana)
● Public Archaeology: Involving the public in archaeology (communities)
● Extremely expensive, present results for more investments
● Indigenous Archaeologies (UNESCO) - majority in country is settlers archaeology,
people participate in their own archaeology
● Heritage= power: who decides on UNESCO heritage sites?, 40 are in Europe (aka
Europeans decided)
● Archaeology ↔Past : bring PAST to present, Interpret what happened through our own
cultural experiences (i.e Acadian, looking at 300 years old, grandparents see it different)
● Biases: cannot be completely objective
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Nature and Aims of Archaeology
Archaeology as Anthropology
● “New world Archaeology is Anthro or it is nothing” Phil Phillips
● The goal is to understand
● “Archeology is the only branch of anthropology where we kill out informants in the
process of studying them” Kent Flannery
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Renaissance: greek and rome rebels, peoples who didn"t work. Curiosity cabinet just artifact no information on where they came from and what they were used for. Thomas jefferson built by local indigenous people found on his property. Darkside political justification, many of the interpretation was bias all males, wealthy, white. 19th century lyell geology superposition earth may be older than 2002. Similar processes occurring today as in remote past. I. e evolution vs bishop usher (literal translation of bible) Copper bronze 00> iron three stone age. European age of exploration, modern science 1859. Evolution does not occur to the individual but the species. John stephens ( in class) first american to set foot in petra, first travel blogger. Need to classify societies that were completely different than europeans. Strategy (hunting) barbarians (farming) civilization (society) Heavily civilized social darwinism, hierarchy of humans (racism), fray boas heavily appeased. Strial era - lots of money, give back based on reputation not evidence.
