BPK 105 Study Guide - Final Guide: Cellular Respiration, Pleural Cavity, Mast Cell
27 Apr 2018
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Module 10 - Overview and Terminology
Overview
- main function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases between the air and the
blood.
- Oxygen is taken into the body, as it is essential for aerobic metabolism.
- Carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body, as it is a waste product of aerobic
metabolism.
- The exchange process is driven by diffusion, the movement of particles from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- a majority of oxygen is reversibly bound to a special protein in red blood cells called
hemoglobin. Carbon dioxide is transported in many ways, one involving a reversible
reaction with water.
- When we are exercising we require more energy in the form of ATP to allow our muscles
to contract.
- To produce ATP, with aerobic metabolism, we need more oxygen to be brought into the
body.
- In order to meet the demands of exercise we need to be able to regulate the amount of
air moving in and out of our lungs, also known as the ventilation rate.
Terminology
1. pharynx (Section 15.2): Joint openings of the digestive tract and the windpipe. The
part of the digestive and respiratory tracts superior to the larynx and esophagus and
inferior and posterior to the oral and nasal cavities.
2. trachea (Section 15.2): Air tube extending from the larynx into the thorax, where it
divides to form bronchi; has 16–20 C-shaped pieces of cartilage in its walls.
3. alveoli (Section 15.2): Cavity; examples include the sockets into which the teeth fit
and the ends of the respiratory system.
4. asthma (Section 15.2): Antigen combines with antibodies on mast cells or basophils
in the lungs, which then release inflammatory chemicals that cause constriction of
the air tubes, so that the patient has trouble breathing
5. pleura (Section 15.2): Space between the visceral and parietal pleura, filled with
pleural fluid; a cavity that surrounds each lung.
6. diaphragm (Section 15.3): Muscular separation between the thoracic and abdominal
cavities; its contraction results in inspiration.
7. expiration (Section 15.3): To breathe out; to move air out of the lungs.
8. atmospheric (Section 15.3): [atmospheric pressure] air pressure outside the body.
9. surfactant (Section 15.3): mixture of lipoprotein molecules produced by the secretory
cells of the alveolar epithelium of the lung; reduces water surface tension.
Document Summary
Main function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases between the air and the blood. Oxygen is taken into the body, as it is essential for aerobic metabolism. Carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body, as it is a waste product of aerobic metabolism. Carbon dioxide is transported in many ways, one involving a reversible reaction with water. When we are exercising we require more energy in the form of atp to allow our muscles to contract. To produce atp, with aerobic metabolism, we need more oxygen to be brought into the body. In order to meet the demands of exercise we need to be able to regulate the amount of air moving in and out of our lungs, also known as the ventilation rate. Terminology: pharynx (section 15. 2): joint openings of the digestive tract and the windpipe.
