BISC 102 Study Guide - Final Guide: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Gregor Mendel, Allele Frequency

• School: Simon Fraser University
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BISC 102
• Professor: Erin Barley

Document Summary

Lec 11: genetics ii: gregor mendel (1822-1884) Pea plants: easy to grow + breed, 7 characteristics with discrete traits. He noted factors [genes] were discrete, heritable, produced predictable ratios. Most phenotypic characters much more complex than mendel"s pea characteristics: pedigrees. X chromosome larger and has more genes than y. Autosomal dominant: at least one parent is affected, every generation: correcting misconceptions about dominant + recessive alleles. Dominant + recessive alleles equally likely to be passed on, both expressed. Frequency of an allele is independent of whether it is dominant or recessive. Study of allele frequencies + changes to allele frequencies in populations. Can predict genotype frequencies from allele frequencies (if not evolving) Genotype (c^r c^r), observed (320), hw (p^2), proportion (. 8^2), expected (proportion x total of all observed), (o-e)^2/e. Ex. f(c^r) = p = [2(320) + 160]/3(500). p + q calculated from observed. Horizontal gene transfer: hwe assumptions (not evolving) Change in allele frequencies due to chance events.