BIOL 104 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Protein Folding, Dehydration Reaction, Amylose

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22 Nov 2018

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Make sure you know t he f ollowing : List t he f our t ypes of biolog ical macromolecules (also, which of t he f our f orm polymers and which do not f orm polymers) For each of biolog ical macromolecules, ident if y t he g eneral name of t he monomer and t he name of t he bond t hat holds t he monomers t og et her. Dif f erences bet ween hydrolysis and condensat ion (dehydrat ion synt hesis) react ions. Ident if y t he st orag e and st ruct ural polysaccharides. Ident if y which polysaccharides are composed of alpha-g lucose monomers (and bet a-g lucose monomers) Ident if y t he t ype of g lycosidic bonds t hat hold amylose, amylopect in, g lycog en and cellulose. Det ermine which st ruct ure of st arch is in hig hest percent ag e and lowest percent ag e.

Related Questions

1. List the Four Classes of organic macromolecules

2. List the differences between organic and inorganic molecules.

3. Explain how monomers are related to polymers

4. What are the building blocks of the four main Macromolecules?

5. Define the following-A. Dehydration reactions B. Hydrolysis reaction

6. How do humans and plants store polysaccharides?

7. What is a Triglyceride? Please list 3 other lipids outlined in this chapter

ochrekoala515

Can somebody check if my answer is rght? Thank you

Complex carbohydrates

Indicate whether each of the following statements about polysaccharides is True or False.

1. Polysaccharides are long polymers made of many nucleotides that have been joined through dehydration synthesis. False
2. Cellulose is the main storage polysaccharide in plants while glycogen is an important storage polysaccharide in many animals. False
3. Both starch and glycogen are composed of Î±-glucose subunits. True
4. Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin, which are unbranched and branched chains of Î±-glucose subunits, respectively. False
5. Like amylopectin, glycogen is insoluble in water, but it has a longer average chain length and fewer branches. True
6. Although some polysaccharides are used to store energy, others serve as structural material for cells. True
7. The principal structural polysaccharide in plants is starch. True
8. Cellulose is composed of a long, branched chain of Î²-glucose subunits. True
9. The starch-hydrolyzing enzymes produced by most organisms cannot break the bond between two Î± -glucose subunits because they only recognize Î² linkages. False
10. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell wall of many fungi. True

1. What is an organic molecule?

2.Name three hydrocarbons and be able to draw their structural formulas.

3. What is an isomer? List and describe the three types (structural, geometric, and enantiomers).

4. Be able to recognize and describe the properties of these functional groups: aldehyde, ketone, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups.

5. What is a monosaccharide? Give two examples of these molecules and their functions.

6. Describe these chemical reactions: dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction) and hydrolysis (rehydration).

7. What is a disaccharide? List two and give their functions.

8. What is a polysaccharide? List two storage forms and two structural forms. How are they formed and what is their specific function?

9. How do the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon regulate blood sugar levels?

10. What is molting and why is it necessary in certain animals?

11. What four molecules are bonded together to form a triglyceride or fat? Why are fats nonpolar? What are some functions of fats as well as other lipids such as oils and waxes?

12. How do saturated and unsaturated fats differ? Discuss bonding patterns and possible sources of these fats. Which type is healthier for you? Why?

13. Why do animals store most of their excess glucose as fats or oils rather than as glycogen or protein? Give two reasons.

14. What are phospholipids? Identify parts of the phospholipid bilayer that are hydrophobic or hydrophilic? What important cell structure do these molecules help create?

15. Describe the structure of a steroid. How is cholesterol used in beneficial ways in your body?

16. What are LDLs and HDLs? Which is considered good or bad cholesterol? What condition could result from high blood pressure?

17. What are four ways to either reduce high blood cholesterol or maintain a safe level?

18. What is the composition of an amino acid? Why would they be considered nonpolar, polar, acidic, or basic?

19. Define dipeptides and polypeptides.

20. Describe the primary structure of a protein. What type of bonding creates it?

21. What is the secondary structure of a protein? Name two types of secondary structure and indicate what type of bonding holds them together. List three fibrous proteins.

22. What is the tertiary structure of a protein? What types of bonds or chemical interactions allow a protein to maintain this structure? List three globular proteins.

23. What is the quaternary structure of a protein? Describe a hemoglobin molecule.

24. What are the subunits of nucleic acids and what is their composition? How are these subunits bonded together? What is DNS's basic shape?

25. List three differences between DNA and RNA.

BIOL 104 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Protein Folding, Dehydration Reaction, Amylose

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