PSY 308- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 75 pages long!)
29 Mar 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Ryerson
PSY 308
Final EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Critical Thinking
Introduction to Critical Thinking
CPSY308 – Class 1
What will we learn today (and Thursday)?
• The need for Critical Thinking
• What is Critical Thinking?
• Can Critical Thinking be learned?
• What is the relationship between CT and intelligence?
• What is a schema?
• Systems of Thinking: Fast and Slow
DEMO TIME!
Analyzing a demo
Great example of why we need critical thinking:
Teacher asked a volunteer to stand with eyes closed and knees bent
then give her a “ power” bracelet
A volunteer have a better balance after wearing a bracelet?
Why do we need Critical Thinking?
• Information explosion
- “ A weekday edition of The New York Times contains more information than the average person was
likely yo come cross in a lifetime in 17th. century England
• Increase in education
- A college degree is a requirement for 90% of the fastest growing jobs
• Constant multitasking
- Who has checked their phone since class started?
• If ‘everybody’ has a BA, how do you get a job?
- Employers emphasizing critical thinking skills
Thought and Knowledge
• What is Thought?
- Thought involved processing information that we encounter in our lives
• What is Knowledge?
- Knowledge is information that we have acquired in our lives
• What do you know?
- Thought and knowledge interact with each other, cannot leave with each other
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• What is Critical Thinking?
Critical thinking is a skill
Purposeful, reasoned, and goal-directed
Use in problem solving, calculating probabilities, and making decisions
Critical thinking does not mean being negative about things
It means weighing evidence fairly
How could critical thinking have helped us in the bracelet example?
- It is scientific but not actually related to it
CT is willing to plan, be flexible, be persistent, is willing to correct errors, be mindful. And are able to
achieve consensus when necessary
• Can Critical Thinking be learned?
YES
Taking a critical thinking course improve students’ skills
Positive impact on pupil’s attainment
• Is Critical Thinking automatic?
NO.
The “point” of university is to teach them critical thinking
Critical Thinking vs Intelligence
So now we know what Critical Thinking is
What is intelligence?
Intelligence is what you do with knowledge that you have
• Are they the same thing, or different?
Knowledge effected by experienced and schemas
Schemas心理模式
EX:
Tell about your recent birthday and your 5th birthday?
How much do you REALLY remember about your 5th birthday?
- Schemas are like scripts we have for certain standard types of events
We fit information we hear into schemas
This is how info becomes knowledge: Info becomes knowledge when we make our own meaning
out of it.
Intelligence initially designed in France to identify students who need extra help in school
then altered to test for extraordinary students as well
Critical thinking and intelligence are different
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
