LAW 534 Final: LAW534 Midterm + Final

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U(cid:373)(cid:373)o(cid:374)s (cid:894)su(cid:271)o(cid:374)ea (cid:895) an order to appear before a judge or an order to give information. Civil action or civil trial law concerned with private action. Standard of proof level of certainty and degree of evidence necessary to establish proof in a legal proceeding. Reverse onus clause that shifts the burden of proof onto the individual specified to disprove an element of the information. Trial court a court of law where cases are tried in the first place, as opposed to an appeals court. Prima facie (cid:858)(cid:271)ased o(cid:374) the fi(cid:396)st i(cid:373)p(cid:396)essio(cid:374),(cid:859) a(cid:272)(cid:272)epted u(cid:374)til p(cid:396)o(cid:448)e(cid:374) guilt(cid:455) Presumption a legal inference that must be made in light of certain facts. Most presumptions are rebuttable, meaning that they are rejected if proven to be false or at least thrown into sufficient doubt by the evidence. Res judicata a matter that has adjudicated by a competent court and may not be pursued further by the same parties.