BIOL 110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Epithelium, Oncogene, P53
25 Nov 2015
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Cancer: disease caused by loss of cell control, and abnormal uncontrolled cell growth. Carcinomas: 80-90%, originate in epithelial tissue, which includes skin, and all internal coverings, ex. Sarcomas: in connective tissue such as bones, tendons, cartilage and muscles, ex. Leukemia: develop in the bone marrow and lymph systems, which make blood. Cancerous mutations: somatic cell mutations will only cause cancer to affect the individual, germline cell mutation will cause cancer to everyone who inherits it. Oncogene: expression at the wrong time or in the wrong cell type can lead to uncontrolled cell division and cancer, proto-oncogenes are called oncogenes in the their mutated form. Cyclins act like on/off switches by activating kinases. Kinases: add a phosphate to activate cell function. A mutation to a cyclin can lead to uncontrolled mitosis. Tumor suppressor: p53, responds to dna damage and halts the cell cycle by blocking cdk"s causing the cell to die (apoptosis)
