BIOL 110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Meiosis, Mitosis, Spermatogenesis

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tanraccoon581

25 Nov 2015

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Mitosis: purpose for cells to make copies of their dna. Meiosis: forming gametes, reducing genetic material so that offspring have the same amount as parents, creating haploid cells. Recombination: crossing over of chromosomes, happens in meiosis 1, creates genetic diversity with new allele combination. Sources of genetic diversity: mutations, recombination during sexual reproduction, crossing over, independent assortment. Fertilization: sperm that reaches an egg, fertilization by a second sperm is prevent by reactions in the cell membrane. Dizygotic twins: 2 ova and 2 sperm, similar genetic relation as any siblings. Monozygotic twins: 1 ovum and 1 sperm, developing embryo splits during early development, genetically identical hcg (chorionic gonadotropin): hormone produced by the trophoblast to prevent decay of the corpus luteum. Corpus luteum: secretes progesterone, which causes the endometrium to thicken in preparation for egg implantation, if an egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degrades and causes the menstrual cycle.

Related Questions

M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

Title: Meiosis Lab

Part 1: Modeling Meiosis Without Crossing Over (reformat as needed)

Take photos of the following stages of your meiosis bead simulation. Insert and label the following images:

Meiosis 1: Prophase I and Metaphase I

Meiosis 2: Metaphase II and Telophase II

Part 2: Modeling Meiosis With Crossing Over (reformat as needed)

Take photos of the following stages of your meiosis bead simulation. Insert and label the following images:

Meiosis with Crossing Over: Metaphase I and Telophase II

Questions â use the lab Introduction, your textbook and other sources to answer the following.

What is the state of DNA at the end of meiosis I? Are the chromosomes replicated or unreplicated? Diploid or haploid?

Why are chromosomes important?

How are Meiosis I and Meiosis II different?

Name two ways meiosis contribute to genetic recombination or genetic variety.

Why do you use non-sister chromatids to demonstrate crossing over? What would happen if you crossed over sister chromatids?

How many chromosomes were present in your simulation when meiosis I started?

Why is it necessary to reduce the chromosome number in gametes, but not in other cells of an organism?

If humans have 46 chromosomes in each of their body cells, determine how many chromosomes you would expect to find in the following:

Sperm	Egg	Daughter cell after mitosis	Daughter cell after meiosis

Investigate a disease that is caused by a chromosomal mutation due to nondisjunction. When does the mutation occur? What chromosome is affected? What are the consequences?

Carefully read the following statements about cell division (1) After meiosis, the number of chromosomes in the newly formed cell is the same as that in the parent cell. Whereas, in mitosis, the chromosome number in daughter cell is reduced to half. (2) Cytokinesis is a highly regulated event in which cellular organelles are evenly distributed forming two daughter cells. (3) In Meiosis, DNA replication occurs only once whereas the cells divide twice and it is the mechanism that produces genetic variation in daughter cells. (4) In diplotene, chiasmata are formed between homologous chromosomes followed by crossing over and segregation of sister chromatids. (5)The kinetochore is a DNA protein complex which serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers. Which of the above statement or combination of statements is correct?

BIOL 110 Study Guide - Final Guide: Meiosis, Mitosis, Spermatogenesis

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