HPED 2440 Study Guide - Final Guide: Energizer, Dementia, Smart Criteria
8 Feb 2020
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Study Guide
Definition of community
• From Latin origin Communis
• Com – Together
• Munis – Ready to be of service together
• Working towards commonly agreed upon goals
Characteristics of a Community
1. Capacity
2. Collective Effort
3. Informality
4. Stories
5. Celebration
6. Tragedies
Three Strategies to Create Community
1. Social Action
2. Social Planning
3. Community Development
History of recreation and community
• Immigration raised new community challenges in the 1800’s
• Shift to consumer approach after WWII with activity centered activities with success
measured by numbers
• Holistic Approach – Role of recreation professional shifted from providers of service to
community developers in the 1970’s
The Elora Prescription
• Study conducted in Ontario in 1978 found that:
• Participants often too guided and controlled
• Little deviation, spontaneity, and innovation
• Little emphasis placed on development of human potential
• Major changed needed in profession’s operating philosophies, delivery mechanisms,
and staffing
Elora Prescription Recommendation
• Recreation professionals should shift from being providers of services to becoming
developers
Elora Prescription Predictions
• Joint planning and development of facilities
• Instead of emphasis on youth, equal services of recreation and all stages in life cycle
• Interdisciplinary perspectives
• Understanding of recreation as meaningful activity
Canadian National Recreation Summit 2011
• Leisure is a beginning, not an end
• During tough economic times, our leisure is even more important
Roles and Responsibilities of community developers
• Educate and motivate people for self-help
• Develop responsible local leadership
• Develop a sense of citizenship and civic consciousness
• Introduce and strengthen democracy at the grassroots level
• Initiate growth and development
• Promote, establish and maintain co-operative and harmonious relationships
• Facilitate self-chosen changes
Four Roles of the Community Developer
1. Catalysts
2. Teachers
3. Facilitating Administration
4. Linking Role
Five Responsibilities of the Community Developer
1. Support individuals
2. Support individuals working together in groups
3. Provide general help to communities
4. Support community initiatives
5. Serving as a catalyst for transformative community development and collective impact
Leadership Styles
1. Energizer
2. Organizer
3. Researcher
4. Nurturer
Monitoring & Evaluating (M&E)
• Monitoring – The regular and systematic collection and analysis of information related to
a planned and agreed program of action
• Evaluation – The process of undertaking a systematic and objective examination of
monitoring information in order to answer agreed questions and make judgements based
on agreed criteria
Benefits of M&E
• Helps build organizational capacity
• Increases program teams’ ownership and understanding that ensures integrated
program delivery
• Better understanding of positive role of M&E
• Development of self-critical and self-improving organization
Log frame
The Logical Framework Approach
• The logical framework approach was developed in the late 1960s to assist the US
Agency of International Development (USAID) as a tool for:
• Detailed planning with clearly defined objectives that can be monitored
• Clear management responsibility
• Pre-determined evaluation process
The Logistical Framework Matrix (Log Frame)
• It consists of a matrix with four columns and four rows (or more), which summarize the
key elements of a project plan
• Serves as the project's hierarchy of objectives
• Logic Model – A visual method of demonstrating relationships between project
resources, activities, outputs, and various outcomes
• For more examples see Slides 10-12 in SMART Goals and M&E Lecture Slides
• See Slide 14 for information contained in log frame matrix
The Log Frame Structure
Vertical Logic
• Identifies what the project intends to do and achieve
• Clarifies the causal relationships (means to and end)
• Specifies important assumptions and risks
Horizontal Logic
• Specifies indicators to measure progress
• Identifies the sources and means by which indicators will be verified
Means and Cost
• Means - The human, material and service resources needed to carry out planned
activities and management support activities
Document Summary
Definition of community: from latin origin communis, com together, munis ready to be of service together, working towards commonly agreed upon goals. Characteristics of a community: capacity, collective effort, informality, stories, celebration, tragedies. Three strategies to create community: social action, social planning, community development. Elora prescription recommendation: recreation professionals should shift from being providers of services to becoming developers. Elora prescription predictions: joint planning and development of facilities, understanding of recreation as meaningful activity. Instead of emphasis on youth, equal services of recreation and all stages in life cycle. Canadian national recreation summit 2011: leisure is a beginning, not an end, during tough economic times, our leisure is even more important. Roles and responsibilities of community developers: educate and motivate people for self-help, develop responsible local leadership, develop a sense of citizenship and civic consciousness, promote, establish and maintain co-operative and harmonious relationships, facilitate self-chosen changes. Introduce and strengthen democracy at the grassroots level.
