PSYCH 3F03 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Rela, Polygyny, Metar
12 Oct 2018
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Department
Course
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PSYCH 3F03
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
PSYCH 3F03 LECTURE 1
lOMoARcPSD| 2151316
Evolution & Human Behavior
Introduction
Defnitions
Natural Selec on
- Di eren al reproduc ve success of di erent phenotypes
- NOT ‘survival of the est’ Sexual Selec on
- Natural selec on that acts di erently on sexes
Phenotype- Individual characteris cs resul ng from environmental
interac on of an
organisms genotype (i.e. what is expressed)
Genotype
- The gene c cons tu on of an organism Fitness
- The # of o spring produced, or propor on of genes passed
on Darwinian/Direct Fitness
- Fitness obtained through direct descent
Inclusive Fitness- Fitness obtained by indirect descent
“A Few ThinBs”• The Naturalis c Fallacy
- What is considered good in nature is not necessarily
pleasant/desirable
- The Ought-Is Dis nc on:
find more resources at oneclass.com
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o Science tells us what IS, but does not JUSTIFY behaviour
o Just because murder/rape occurs in the natural world, it is not jus ed
- Many natural things seem bad: lightning, snake venom,
cancer
- Many natural things seem good: rainbows, strawberries,
puppies
- ‘Natural’ ≠ Valuable: we approach science hoping to
understand the world • Not EverythinB is Adap ve
- Just because we can think of an evolu onary explana on, it might not be
true
o Hypotheses, must be evaluated- Most muta ons are not adap ve
(lower reproduc ve success)
o Very rare that muta on increases reproduc ve success - Evolu on via
NS is a process, not an event
o Nothing has nished evolving
o Maladap ve = selected against - “Adap ve func on” is retrospec ve
o Traits did not evolve to ful ll a role: a role was ful lled by a trait
o What is adap ve can change over me - Fitness can be achieved with
marginal gains
lOMoARcPSD| 2151316
lOMoARcPSD| 2151316
o Op mal strategies for reproduc ve success vary between individuals •
Individual Di erences
- People say universals are evidence that behaviour has evolvedo Just
because a trait has evolved, it does not mean there is individual
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Di eren al reproduc ve success of di erent phenotypes. Not survival of the est" sexual selec on. Natural selec on that acts di erently on sexes. Phenotype - individual characteris cs resul ng from environmental interac on of an organisms genotype (i. e. what is expressed) The gene c cons tu on of an organism fitness. The # of o spring produced, or propor on of genes passed on darwinian/direct fitness. What is considered good in nature is not necessarily pleasant/desirable. The ought-is dis nc on: science tells us what is, but does not justify behaviour, just because murder/rape occurs in the natural world, it is not jus ed. Many natural things seem bad: lightning, snake venom, cancer. Many natural things seem good: rainbows, strawberries, puppies. Natural" = valuable: we approach science hoping to understand the world not everythinb is adap ve. Evolu on can only build on preexis ng structures.
