PSYCH 2AP3 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Etiology, Dsm-5, Memory
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYCH 2AP3
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
INTRODUCTION TO ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Criteria of Abnormality
IMPAIRMENT CRITERIA: symptoms impair social, occupational, or other domains of functioning, or endanger self or
other
• Could someone be dangerous to self or others, but not impaired or disordered?
o Suicide (suicide bomber)
o Giving their lives to safe love ones
• Who decides who is impaired?
• Who decides how impaired functioning is?
PERSONAL DISTRESS CRITERIA: symptoms cause significant concern for the individual
• What about those dangerous to self or others, or detached from reality, who are not concerned?
• What aout thigs that distur us that dot see pathologial
• “oe people doest see theseles as distress, ut others oer about their behaviour
o Doest ea the asee of disorder, ut doest ea the presee
• Why is depression a disorder, but shyness is not??
o THAT“ JU“T THE WAY IT I“
SUMMARY CRITERIA
• Fuzzy continuum of abnormality
o Not autism, instead: autism spectrum
• Notion of abnormality is dependent on the agreement of psychologists and the psychiatrists
• Pressure to include symptoms as disorder in DSM:
o They are insurance, because they will only get paid for if they are included in DSM
Models of Psychopathology
MEDICAL MODEL (BIOMEDICAL MODEL): abnormality caused by physical problems in the brain
• Causes of any mental disorder are physical (a physical cause)
• Therefore, they need a physical and pharmacological treatment (physical intervention)
• Mad Hatter in Alice in Wonderland: they show him as being poisoned by mercury, that has caused his
odd behaviour
• Autism and are treated as physical treatment
PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL: abnormal thoughts, behaviour, caused by unconscious conflict
• Begin by Sigmund Freud: Conflict of the mind
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Introduction to Abnormal Psychology
2
• Bring the conflict into consciousness, and let the rational part of the mind process these conflict
• Anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, somatic symptom disorders
BEHAVIOR MODEL (1920S): abnormal behavior are the disorder
• John B. Watson: started by behaviourist
• We look at behavior and stop right there, Disorders are considered behaviour generated
• The malfunctional behaviour is the problem, and should be the focus of the treatment
• Deal their abnormality as learning issues, change maladaptive disorders behaviour
• Treatment usually involves: change reward condition to produce extinction or relearning
• Anxiety, especially phobias, depressions
SOCIOCULTURAL MODEL (1940,50s, dead off on 1980s, now resurge): abnormality result from social pressures
(poverty, unemployment, etc.)
• Results from inappropriate environments and experiments
• Poverty, bullying
• High rate of mental disorders at low socioeconomic levels
• Crime, violence, illness increase in times of economic challenge
• Treat by changing external condition
• Why did it go out of fashion?
o Lack of explanatory mechanisms, no obvious therapeutic implications, more conservative
social climate
o Doest proide guidae i liial psholog as i ho to treat the
o It does not provide treatment options
o So whats the ehais? Ho ould the ause pshologial spto?
o Increasing conservative nature of political establishment, and the world view as their
individual self, so the world should not be responsible for the mental disorder of the
individual
o Coming back because now we have mechanism, we know how environment affects and
mental health
▪ Epigenetic research: genome and markers on those genes, the collection of markers
is the epigenetics. They turn genes off. Our focus is the gene you have that is active.
▪ Epigenetic markers can be removed due to environmental, the genes can be turned
on and turned off by their experiences.
▪ Epigenetic markers are tends to be inheritance, the experiences you have can
impact your epigenome can impact their kids
▪ Might be passed onto your two generations
MILLER & CHEN (2007)
• High socioeconomic status during 2~3 years old predict better gene regulation of inflammation
responses in adolescent female
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Impairment criteria: symptoms impair social, occupational, or other domains of functioning, or endanger self or other. Personal distress criteria: symptoms cause significant concern for the individual: what about those dangerous to self or others, or detached from reality, who are not concerned, what a(cid:271)out thi(cid:374)gs that distur(cid:271) us that do(cid:374)(cid:859)t see(cid:373) pathologi(cid:272)al. Fuzzy continuum of abnormality: not autism, instead: autism spectrum, notion of abnormality is dependent on the agreement of psychologists and the psychiatrists. Pressure to include symptoms as disorder in dsm: they are insurance, because they will only get paid for if they are included in dsm. Medical model (biomedical model): abnormality caused by physical problems in the brain. Causes of any mental disorder are physical (a physical cause: mad hatter in alice in wonderland: they show him as being poisoned by mercury, that has caused his. Therefore, they need a physical and pharmacological treatment (physical intervention) odd behaviour: autism and are treated as physical treatment.
