ISCI 1A24 Study Guide - Final Guide: Macrophage, Dendritic Cell, Covalent Bond
24 Mar 2018
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Document Summary
As the body ages, cells contain increasing number of toxic protein aggregates (nucleus, cytoplasm, extracellular) Many proteins need to be post-translationally modified, to become fully functional. Altered clearance (dysfunction of protein quality control system and phagocytic cells) Mechanisms involved in maintaining the homeostasis of the proteome (the entirety of all proteins) Cells have mechanisms in place to keep track of synthesis of proteins, amount, when, degradation, how much is degraded etc. The purpose of maintaining homeostasis in proteins is to. Changes may compromise structure, function and vitality of cells. R-group polar (hydrophilic) side chains, interact with water non-polar (hydrophobic) side chains, cluster away from water. Aggregation of nonpolar molecules or nonpolar parts of molecules in an aqueous medium to reduce the number of interactions with water. Reduction in the hydrophobic surface area exposed to water (avoidance of unstable state) Initially when the protein is synthesized, there is a chain of amino acids, it needs to be folded.
