ECON 1B03 Study Guide - Final Guide: Inferior Good, Hot Chocolate, Breyers
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16 Sep 2016
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ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes
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Chapter 4: supply and demand buyers determine demand of goods, sellers determine supply of goods together they determine how much will be produced and the price. Markets markets market prices o o market: a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good buyers (consumers) determine demand sellers (firms, producers, suppliers) determine supply. Supply and demand: behaviour of people as they interact with one another in. Competitive market: many buyers and sellers all have negligible impact on. Demand quantity demanded, qd: amount of good/service that consumers are willing & able to buy at given price, p o o. P and qd are negatively / inversely related. As price goes up, quantity demanded of that good goes down. Law of demand: other things equal (ceteris paribus), when the price of good. Demand schedule: table showing relationship between price and quantity rises, the quantity demand of that good falls demanded for a good o.
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1. Characteristics of competitive markets
The model of competitive markets relies on these three core assumptions:
1. | There must be many buyers and sellers a few players can't dominate the market. |
2. | Firms must produce identical products buyers must regard all sellers' products as equivalent. |
3. | Firms and resources must be fully mobile, allowing free entry into and exit from the industry. |
The first two conditions imply that all consumers and firms are price takers. While the third is not necessary for price-taking behavior, assume for this problem that a market cannot maintain competition in the long run without free entry.
Identify whether or not each of the following scenarios describes a competitive market, along with the correct explanation of why or why not.
Scenario |
Competitive? |
---|---|
The government has granted the U.S. Postal Service the exclusive right to deliver mail. | ________________ |
Several stores in the mall sell hooded sweatshirts. Each store's sweatshirts reflect the style of that particular store. Additionally, some makers use higher-quality cotton than others, which is reflected in the apparel's prices. | |
Two taxi companies serve most of the market in a big city. Consumers don't care about which taxi company they take if they decide it's worth taking a taxi, they flag down the nearest one. | _________________ |
There are dozens of pasta producers that sell pasta to hundreds of Italian restaurants nationwide. The restaurant owners buy from the cheapest pasta producer available to |