[LING 201] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (22 pages long!)

• School: McGill University
• Department: Linguistics
• Course: LING 201
• Professor: Meghan Clayards

Document Summary

Morphology: the study of the structure of words. Arbitrary sound-meaning pairing and rules = creativity: ca(cid:374) (cid:373)ake (cid:374)e(cid:449) (cid:373)orphe(cid:373)es (cid:894)e. g. (cid:862)google(cid:863)(cid:895, can plug into system of rules and combine with old morphemes to make new (cid:449)ords (cid:894)e. g. (cid:862)google-a(cid:271)le(cid:863)(cid:895) Morphemes: the smallest unit that carries information about meaning/function. Example: cat cat s (2 different morphemes) Allomorphs: variant pronunciations of morphemes: lexical entries (e. g. [d ], morphological rule for plural noun /d -z, phonological rule /z/ [s] [-sound, +strident, e. g. (cid:862)(cid:272)ats(cid:863) is [(cid:272) ts], not /c tz/ Internal dictionary of words and morphemes: varies by dialect and person to person, varies with age and education, average native english adults know 25-60 thousand words. Components: pronunciation, morpho-syntactic category (noun, adjective, verb, meaning. Together, form and meaning make up words and morphemes! Words a(cid:374)d (cid:373)orphe(cid:373)es (cid:894)e. g. (cid:862)u(cid:374)-(cid:862) (cid:862)k(cid:374)o(cid:449)(cid:863) (cid:862)a(cid:271)le(cid:863)(cid:895) Mea(cid:374)i(cid:374)g related to the parts, (cid:271)ut (cid:374)ot o(cid:271)(cid:448)ious (cid:894)e. g. (cid:862)(cid:271)la(cid:272)k(cid:271)oard(cid:863) does(cid:374)"t literall(cid:455) (cid:373)ea(cid:374) a board that is black)