GEOL-1021EL Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - List Of Rocks On Mars, Mineral, Gas Mantle
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
GEOL-1021EL
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
GEOL-1021!
September 14th, 2017
Main points of Geology: water, energy, raw materials
The Scientific Method: Denialism
•Science: method to understand, explain and predict the physical world (anything that can be
observed and measured) by means of observation and experimental. Science assumes the
world is governed by rules, therefore making it predictable- if we understand those rules.
•Goal: to explain how the universe works
•Good theory:
•Parsimonious: simplest explanation possible
•consilient: wide range of phenomenon
•Geo: greek for earth // Logos: greek for study
•Geology: earth sciences is subject centered, rather than discipline centered- therefor uses the
basic sciences as tools (eg geophysics, geochem, biogeochemistry)
•Geology is a largely forensic science as most of the time we gather info for rocks from millions
of years ago
•Denialism: the employment of rhetorical arguments to give the appearance of legit debate
where there is none
•conspiracy theories
•fake excerpts
•cherry picking
•Impossible expectations of what research can deliver
•Misrepresentation and logical fallacies
Basic Concepts of Earth
•Layers of earth- crust, mantle, molten iron/nickel outer core, iron/nickel core
•How to know earth is layered: abrupt changes in earth’s chemical composition
•Composition of sun and certain meteorites can be used to estimate bulk composition of the
earth
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
•Chemical composition of earth: Iron- 35%, Oxygen: 30%, silicon: 15% & Magnesium: 13%,
and a shit ton of tiny other ones
•Need to know a specific amount of elements- highlighted in red on the slide- please refer to
the slide on D2L
•Two different types of crust- Oceanic crust (3.0 g/cm2) and Continental crust (2.8g/ cm2)
•Uranium, Thorium, potassium- something about Charles Darwin
•Geodynamo system- rapid motion of the liquid outer core stirs up electrical flow in the solid
inner core- creating earth’s magnetic field
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Main points of geology: water, energy, raw materials. The scienti c method: denialism: science: method to understand, explain and predict the physical world (anything that can be observed and measured) by means of observation and experimental. Travel as a series of contractions and expansions, pushing and pulling particles in their direction of travel: s waves (secondary)- travel at about half the speed of p waves. 10-70 km thick, intermediate composition: mantle: approx 2800 km thick, ma c composition, outer core: approx. 2200 km thick, liquid iron: inner core: approx 1500 km thick, solid iron, the pattern of s waves is the only way we know that the outer is liquid, seismic pro ling is consistent. Elemental carbon forms two distinct minerals: graphite and diamonds. Carbon is also a key component in a family of minerals: carbonates: amber, not a mineral. **know the name of 6 rock-forming igneous minerals.
