BIOL-2126EL Study Guide - Final Guide: Fibroblast, Mitogen, Cdc25

For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once. Proteins are ______________ built from amino acids, which each have an amino group and a _____________ group attached to the central _______________. There are twenty possible _______________ that differ in structure and are generally referred to as “R.” In solutions of neutral pH, amino acids are _______________, carrying both a positive and negative charge. When a protein is made, amino acids are linked together through _______________, which are formed by condensation reactions between the carboxyl end of the last amino acid and the ___________________ end of the next amino acid to be added to the growing chain.

m: hydroxide

Question 11 options:

A condition characterized by the growth of endometrial cells in areas other than the endometrium is called

Question 12

A standard screening test for cervical cancer is called

Question 13

The period of prenatal development in which the basic parts of the organ systems are formed is the

Question 14 options:

Detection of

Spell check is used by pregnancy test kits to detect the early stages of pregnancy.

Question 15

The actual gene sequence governing the expression of a trait is called a

Spell check , whereas the physical expression of this trait is the PHENOTYPE , which can also be defined as the physical expression of a gene.

Question 16

Down syndrome is a disorder where a person has an chromosome 21.

Question

A picture of all chromosomes taken in metaphase and used for analysis is called a

Question 18

A pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants in an area other than the uterus is called

Question

The basic building blocks of DNA are called

Question 20

Monosomy of the X chromosome characterized by a short stocky neck, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, and infertility is called

syndrome.

Question 21

A deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 with a typical cry that resembles a meowing cat characterize

Question 22

A serious psychological disorder characterized by the fear of becoming obese is called

Question 23

Diffusion of gases between capillary beds and tissues is called respiration.

Question 24

The destruction of alveoli by irritants such as cigarette smoke and agricultural dust is found in a disorder called

Question 25

Of the three types of skin cancer which are the most likely to metastasize

Question 25 options:

Melanoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

All of the above have equal ability to metastasize

Question 26

Cancer of this organ/gland causes the most deaths annually

Question 26 options:

Lung

Breast

Prostate

Bladder

Question 27

The correct order of stages of the cell cycle that a new cell will go through immediately after being produced by mitosis is

Question 27 options:

S, G1, G2, M

G1, G2, M, S

G1, S, G2, M

M, G1, S, G2

Question 28

What is the purpose of DNA replication

Question 28 options:

To copy the information in a gene so that extra protein synthesis can be done

To make an RNA copy of the gene

To provide the cell with extra DNA in case the original gets damaged

To ensure that two cells produced by mitosis have the same genetic information as the parent cell

Question 29

Which of the following is not a function and/or advantage of mitosis

Question 29 options:

It can repair damaged tissue

Growth takes place through mitosis

It can replace old or damaged cells

All of the above are functions and/or advantages

Question 30

Which stage of the cell cycle occurs just after mitosis

Question 30 options:

G1

G2

S

Prophase

Save

Question 31 (1.5 points) Question 31 Unsaved

DNA replication is completed by the end of

Question 31 options:

Prophase

G1

S phase

G2

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of DNA

Question 32 options:

Generally double stranded

Stores the cell genetic information

Replicated by DNA polymerase

Contains A, C, U, and G

Question 33

These cell may enter G0 of the cell cycle permanently

Question 33 options:

Hepatocytes

Transformed cells

Neurons

Cells in the digestive system

Question 34

When a primary spermatocyte, goes through meiosis, how many mature sperm will be produced

Question 34 options:

1

2

3

4

Question 35

When a primary oocyte goes through meiosis, how many mature eggs will be produced

Question 35 options:

1

2

3

4

1. Readthe following statements carefully and indicate whether they aretrue (T) or false (F). (1 mark each)

a) TheCalvin cycle is named after the city of Calvin in Iowa, whereresearch on photosynthesis was done in 1948. ____
b) The potato is a storage root. ____
c) Krebs cycle occurs on the membrane of plant mitochondria.____
d) Lawn grass is a perennial plant species. ____
e) Rubisco is the most abundant molecule on Earth. ____
f) A high concentration of [K+] ions in guard cells causes stomatato open. ____
g) Cyclic electron flow in the light dependent reactions transferselectrons to the cytochrome complex and generates NADPH. ____
h) Lateral (secondary) growth cannot occur in monocot stems due tothe absence of a cambium layer. ____
i) The loss of electrons by a molecule means it is oxidized.____
j) A monoecious plant has male and female flowers on differentparts of the same plant. ____
k) Short-day plants require a minimum number of hours of completedarkness to flower. ____
l) In Krebs cycle, the conversion of glyceraldehyde phosphate to1,3 bisphosphoglycerate is accompanied by the production of
NADH. ____
m) It is possible to produce an entire plant from a single leafcell. ____
n) Substrate level phosphorylation and photophosphorylation bothproduce ATP in a similar fashion. ____
o) A plant with 8 sets of chromosomes in each cell is called anoctaplural. ____
p) Plant responses to environmental stress involve changes at boththe gene and protein level. ____

2. Fillin the blanks with a 1-2 word answer. (1 mark per blank)

a) Themost abundant polysaccharide in plant cells is __________ .
b) The most important cell type in plants which provides structuralsupport is ____ .
c) The term used to describe the development of a fruit withoutfertilization is ____.
d) The total yield of energy carrying molecules from glycolysis forone glucose molecule is _______ and ________ .
e) The specific reaction step in Krebs cycle where FAD is reducedto FADH2 involves the conversion of ________ to
___________ .
f) An example of a plant which must reproduce asexually is__________ .
g) During photosynthesis, the molecule which receives electronsfrom the cytochrome complex is called __________ .
h) Phloem consists of two cell types called _____________ and___________.
i) The tissue type found in the growing tips of shoots and roots iscalled _________ and the tissue type which provides aprotective
layer is called ____________ .
j) A reaction center of the light-harvesting complex inphotosynthesis consists of ______ and _________ .
k) A porphyrin ring is found in each molecule of _________.

5. For each term provided in the column A below, choose the mostappropriate matching term in column B. Indicate in the answer
column what that matching term is.
Note: Each term in column B must only be used once. (10 marks)

Column A Answercolumn Column B

ATP _____________ a)tracheids
CAM _____________ b)iron
Sucrose _____________ c)cristae
C3plant _____________ d)corn
Macronutrient _____________ e)cell elongation
Wood _____________ f)cucumber
C4plant _____________ g)calcium
Pits _____________ h)pineapple
Micronutrient _____________ i) phloem
Auxin _____________ j) xylem

14. (4m) What are the osmotic and ionic challenges faced byfreshwater fish and how do they overcome these challenges?

15. (5m) What are the sources of nitrogenous wastes inanimals?
Relate the three types of nitrogenous wastes to the respectivemodes of life of animals.

16. (7m) Describe and compare digestion in a gastrovascularcavity and in the vertebrate digestive system. What features makethe
vertebrate system more efficient?

17. (4m) Special adaptations of the nervous system result inthe