PSYC 444- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 21 pages long!)
11 Oct 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Concordia
PSYC 444
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Scientific Theories of Hypnosis
Hypnosis produces an increase receptiveness to suggestions.
Hypnotized people experience actions involuntary.
Three main explanations how hypnosis work :
Dissociation theories
Altered state of consciousness – comes from the idea of pathology process and dissociation – comes
from this old idea of dissociation.
Neo-dissociation theory :
Cognition involves several systems of control - not all conscious at the same time.
System controlled by executive ego.
Explanation based on dissociation :
Hypnosis dissociates executive ego by amnesic barrier.
Hypnosis gains control of executive ego = division of awareness resulting in 2
streams of consciousness = one responding to suggestion and one stream being a
hidden observer.
HYPNOSIS
Wednesday,+ December+ 7,+2016
9:43+AM
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hidden observer.
Hypnotic suggestions work only on the dissociated stream.
Ice-cold water arm + report of pain level experienced = higher pain described by
hidden observer compare to hypnotized subject.
Involuntary reaction due to dissociation between the two streams = carrying
action + part being aware.
Only 50% demonstrated HO.
Dissociated Control Theory :
Hypnotic induction impacts on the entire executive control ego.
Social Cognitive theories
Reject altered state = hypnosis is normal and based on suggestion and it’s both social and cognitive.
Hypnotic experience results from beliefs + expectations of being hypnotized. = demand
characteristics.
Perceptual set : readiness to respond to suggestions and perceive the hypnotic experience as real and
involuntary.
Do not claim not effective = expectations can influence behaviour without conscious awareness.
Social-Cognitive Theory:
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Document Summary
Altered state of consciousness comes from the idea of pathology process and dissociation comes from this old idea of dissociation. Cognition involves several systems of control - not all conscious at the same time. Hypnosis gains control of executive ego = division of awareness resulting in 2 streams of consciousness = one responding to suggestion and one stream being a hidden observer. hidden observer. Hypnotic suggestions work only on the dissociated stream. Ice-cold water arm + report of pain level experienced = higher pain described by hidden observer compare to hypnotized subject. Involuntary reaction due to dissociation between the two streams = carrying action + part being aware. Hypnotic induction impacts on the entire executive control ego. Reject altered state = hypnosis is normal and based on suggestion and it"s both social and cognitive. Hypnotic experience results from beliefs + expectations of being hypnotized.
