RELI 2220 Final: RELI Mass Exam Review
14 Dec 2016
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CHAPTER 3 - BEING JEWISH IN THE DIASPORA
Cult - means to care for : caring for the Gods.
• Religion is believed to be a cult
Magic/Religion - religion is about God, where as Magic is bad. Opposing beliefs
to yours is Magic, form of discourse. They both DO the same.
Babylonian Exile - Where the babylonians conquered Jerusalem.
Diaspora - to scatter the seeds.
• Greek for dispersion. Dispersion of Jews away from Palestine in parts of the
Mediterranean
Cyrus the Great - persian leader who let the Jews come back in and they rebuild
the second temple.
Hellenization - to adopted greek culture.
Letter of Aristeas - story of the 72 scholars partied 7 nights and all formed exact
translations of the 7uagint (The Greek translation of the Torah)
• Justification for the Septuagint. 72 scholars wrote their own versions of the Torah.
The myth is that they were all identical
Septuagint - Torah : Greek translation. Translation changes a lot, but new Greek
books were thrown in.
Philo of Alexandria - 100% Greek Jew and a philosopher while being
committed to both. He practiced allegorical readings ( Jewish way of interpreting
Jewish texts ).
Josephus - after the “supposed suicide” of the Jewish army” they didn’t and
joined forces with the Romans. Becomes a large figure and a Roman historian.
• Flabbious Josephus for helping put down the revolt
CHAPTER 4 – ANCIENT JUDAISM
3 key figures in Jewish identity :
1) Abraham – the first call from God Becomes the God of the 3 then of Israelites,
and then what we know Jewish today.
2)David - modle king, most loved. Called Mashiach (called a Messiah), meaning
anointed and appointed means to rub oil on head. David establishes Jerusalem
as the capital of Israel. The united monarchy builds.
3) Solomon -David's son, gets a lot of credit, and it was him who builds the first
temple. United monarchy splits in 2, North and South. Destruction of first
temple=diaspora jews.
The 4 “Messiahs” Moses, Elijah, David, and Jesus
Antiochus Epiphanes 4th - Abomination of Desolation. The jew Maccabean
Revolt and kick the Syrians out but caused political conflict between whos gonna
be high priest or not. Romans comes in and holds power. They sell high priest
position to highest bidder. Internally fracturing, starts and this is the spreading of
the sects.
Sadducees - most powerful because of their positions. Only accepted the written
Torah and rejected angels and resurrection/life after dead.
Worked with the Romans.
Pharisees - believed in the oral Torah, beliefs opposed Sadducees.
Only living sect. All the other ones died out. Romans killed the Essences
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Essences- fled to build their own community by the Dead Seas. Qumran was the
community that made the dead seas scrolls. Romans were coming to destroy
villages so they hid the texts in the clay jars.
Sicarii- the assassins.
Zealots - rebellious, that led to the sack of Jerusalem. Sack of Jerusalem -
Romans fed up with the Jews so they ended the Jews and Jerusalem.
Religious fanatics. Based in Galilee
Daimao - demon. Less strong than Gods and they influenced life.
Honi the circle drawing - draws circles and “creates rain”. Also called Messiah.
SOCIAL WORLD
Son of God- term of endearment, which was also a way to receive honour.
Diatec personality
Collectivistic culture - collectivism dominates (Honour and shame)
Introspective culture - individual rules
Cinic Culture - greek word for dog → did whatever they want. “Free”.
Honour and shame - honour worked as a currency. You can take honour
meaning that honour is a limited good. Honour came from gender, wealth,
ethnicity, education as factors to determine the amount of honour.
Agonism - fighting for honour
Agonistic ---^
2 types of honour → Acquired honour - male, ethnicity, son of X. You’re
→ Achieved honour - honour that change on a day to day
basis. Achieved or lost through social interaction ( Challenge and Riposte).
Public court decides who wins.
Second way is: Benefaction meaning give to others. Men penetrate and women
get penetrated. Honour is behaviour control.
Patronage - something or someone that gives you what you need. It’s found at
every level of society. What you get from a patronage : morning bread,
representation in court, monetary support, lower rent, protection from enemies,
relief from taxes.
Divine Patronage - honour their Gods the same way they would honour real
people.
TEXTUAL CRITICISM
Accidental Creation of Variance - 1) readers help : chapter division, different
ends, punctuation
2) introduction of word breaks
3) faulty vision
4) repetition of letters and words
5) faulty hearing
Divided by Medium:
Papyrus - super old, small broken fragments but super reliable. All are Egyptian.
All credited to Alexandria because the land is dry and is able to sustain the
temperature
Parchment - animal skin. Smooth, easy to write on and last long.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Divided by language:
Written in Greek, Koptic, Old Latin, and Volgate, Syriac. Koine Greek is best.
Dividing by handwriting:
Uncial/Majuscule - no punctuation and all CAPS
Cursive/Minuscule - cursive came into play during 9th CE.
Different BOOKS:
1)Whole New Test
2) Sermons - quotes of the Holy Book
3) Lectionaries - list of readings
Different Families :
1. Alexandrian - respected for the text, try hardest not to make errors, don't
make corrections. Kept in Egypt so Papyri.
2. Western - omissions and insertions, harmonisation, a lot of paraphrasing.
3. Caesarean - mixed between Western and Alexandrian text types.
4. Byzantine : highly polished and readable.
GOSPEL GENRE & TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL
Thomas - book claimed to be written by Jesus twin brother.
Wrote only oral traditions and “sayings” of Jesus
• Oral tradition - speaking to relay religious stories. People in oral culture
had better memory which is incorrect. Happens in pre-literate culture.
• Pericope- to cut around. Who ever around the Gospel, cut pieces of it and
rearranged it.
o Matthew does it with Mark
• Bios - the life of, different than biography. You can change and
exaggerate facts.
• Focusing on miracles entails a special birth, profound teachings, and
intention to heaven.
GOSPEL OF MARK
Starts with John Baptist - role was NOT ONLY to prepare for Jesus coming.
Messianic Secret - a) Jesus feared persecution and it's unique to Mark. Used it
as a mean of justification to explain the little converts.
Gospel of Mark ended in 4 ways.
SYNOPTIC PROBLEM CHAPTER 8
Types of Gospel Material :
1) Triple Tradition - all agree
2) Single Tradition - only 1
3) Double Tradition - ⅔
Three Possible Solutions
Griesbach Hypothesis- Matt first, Luke used Matt and added his own, then Mark
conflated both.
Farrer-Goulder Hypothesis (Mark w/o Q) - Mark was first, Matt used Mark and
Luke conflated both.
Two-Document Hypothesis - Mark first, Matt Luke used Mark as sources w/ Q.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter 3 - being jewish in the diaspora. Cult - means to care for : caring for the gods: religion is believed to be a cult. Magic/religion - religion is about god, where as magic is bad. Opposing beliefs to yours is magic, form of discourse. Babylonian exile - where the babylonians conquered jerusalem. Diaspora - to scatter the seeds: greek for dispersion. Dispersion of jews away from palestine in parts of the. Cyrus the great - persian leader who let the jews come back in and they rebuild the second temple. Letter of aristeas - story of the 72 scholars partied 7 nights and all formed exact translations of the 7uagint (the greek translation of the torah: justification for the septuagint. 72 scholars wrote their own versions of the torah. The myth is that they were all identical. Translation changes a lot, but new greek books were thrown in.
