PHYS 1007 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Peripheral Vision, Gaussian Function, Normal Distribution

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7 Apr 2016

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This experiment is designed to introduce you to some elementary aspects of experimental sciences. You will perform an experiment, measure and record data and apply statistical concepts. You will learn about statistical distributions and some of the quantities that characterize them. The important ones are the mean (or average), the standard deviation of the distribution and the standard deviation of the mean. To measure your personal reaction time, based on different stimuli, and statistically compare them. Your reaction time is the time interval between the moment an external stimulus is triggered and the moment you complete a required action. In this experiment, you will measure the time between visual and auditory stimuli and your reaction, in this case pressing a button to stop a clock. For this experiment only, the theory will be introduced within the analysis section to help you with the experiment. A clock starts when a remote trigger switch is activated.

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You are a student in a science class that is using the following apparatus to determine the value of g. Two photogates are used. (Note: You may be familiar with photogates in everyday living. You see them in the doorways of some stores. They are designed to ring a bell when someone interrupts the beam while walking through the door.) One photogate is located at the edge of a table that is 1.00 m above the floor, and the second photogate is located directly below the first, at a height 0.500 m above the floor. You are told to drop a marble through these gates, releasing it from rest a negligible distance above the upper gate. The upper gate starts a timer as the ball passes through its beam. The second photogate stops the timer when the ball passes through its beam. (a) Prove that the experimental magnitude of free-fall acceleration is given by gexp = (2?y)/(?t)2, where ?y is the vertical distance between the photogates and ?t is the fall time. (b) For your setup, what value of ?t would you expect to measure, assuming gexp is the standard value (9.81 m/s2)? (c) During the experiment, a slight error is made. Instead of locating the first photogate even with the top of the table, your not-so-careful lab partner locates it 0.50 cm lower than the top of the table. However, she does manage to properly locate the second photogate at a height of 0.50 m above the floor. However, she releases the marble from the same height that it was released from when the photogate was 1.00 m above the floor. What value of gexp will you and your partner determine? What percentage difference does this represent from the standard value of g?

PHYS 1007 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Peripheral Vision, Gaussian Function, Normal Distribution

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