GEOG 2400 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Surplus Labour, Urban Age, Overurbanization
13 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
GEOG 2400 Midterm
Terms/concepts
New Urban Age: Bega i , whe oe tha 5% of the wolds populatio eae ua
Overurbanization: when populations grow faster than they can sustain jobs, housing, and the
environment
Most urbanized countries: Cayman Islands, Singapore (small area)
Fastest urbanizing countries: China, Thaliand, Haiti
Top 5 Mega cities (10M+ people): Tokyo, Delhi, Seoul, Beijing, New York
Large cities (5-10M people): Bogota, Lahore, Hyderabad
Medium cities (1-5M people): Sydney, Medellin, Addis Ababa
Small cities (Less than 1M people): Ottawa
Most unequal cities: San Francisco (in the US), Calgary (in Canada)
Shrinking cities: Nagasaki (low birth rates), New Orleans (natural disaster), Detroit (economic
contraction), Bratislava (outmigration)
Spatial fix: the capitalist system finding new geographical sources of labour, resources, or
demand to find new ways to make profit
Agricultural Revolution:
- Began over 10,000 years ago, during Neolithic era
- Growing crops instead of hunting and gathering, shift from nomadic lifestyle to
settlements
- Resulted in surplus crops, surplus labour, and more leisure time
Feudalism:
- Class divides
- Closed manors (no trade, self-sufficient, not monetized)
- Cities grew slowly
- constant war
Mercantilism:
- state was at the center of economic/political system
- colonialism, spreading of European goods all over the world, source of natural resources
and free labour (slaves)
- increase in gold stock by maximizing exports
Capitalism:
- profitable things owned by private businesses and corporations
- free trade markets
- wage labour system, division of labour, surplus labour
Critique of overurbanization:
- Decades of unequal exchange created a quantitative drain from low income countries to
the developed world
- Dependent urbanization, surplus labour in urban areas do not lead to national economic
gain, but to gain abroad
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
New urban age: bega(cid:374) i(cid:374) (cid:1006)(cid:1004)(cid:1004)(cid:1012), whe(cid:374) (cid:373)o(cid:396)e tha(cid:374) 5(cid:1004)% of the wo(cid:396)ld(cid:859)s populatio(cid:374) (cid:271)e(cid:272)a(cid:373)e u(cid:396)(cid:271)a(cid:374) Overurbanization: when populations grow faster than they can sustain jobs, housing, and the environment. Most urbanized countries: cayman islands, singapore (small area) Top 5 mega cities (10m+ people): tokyo, delhi, seoul, beijing, new york. Medium cities (1-5m people): sydney, medellin, addis ababa. Most unequal cities: san francisco (in the us), calgary (in canada) Shrinking cities: nagasaki (low birth rates), new orleans (natural disaster), detroit (economic contraction), bratislava (outmigration) Spatial fix: the capitalist system finding new geographical sources of labour, resources, or demand to find new ways to make profit. Began over 10,000 years ago, during neolithic era. Growing crops instead of hunting and gathering, shift from nomadic lifestyle to settlements. Resulted in surplus crops, surplus labour, and more leisure time. Closed manors (no trade, self-sufficient, not monetized)
