KINE 2P05 Study Guide - Final Guide: Motor Skill, Motor Learning, Increment And Decrement Operators
19 Dec 2016
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Lecture 8 Review
Lecture 8 – Skill Acquisition, Retention, Transfer
• Principles of practice
o Practice ≠ Repetition
• Repetition
o Repetition = simply reproducing the same movement over and over
again.
o This idea suggests that repetition leads to a more durable memory trace
of the to-be-learned task
o We develop motor programs and store them in memory…but learned
actions are not guided by memory… they become automatic
o Fast reflexive, open-loop and closed-loop systems are used to perform
fast and accurate movements
o Practiced movements can suffer after a retention period because the
transient memory trace is lost
o Learned movements require errors to be recognized and corrective
actions to be performed A critical component of motor learning is being
able to identify sources of error in a movement.
o Repetition alone does not help with this.
• Specificity
o In general, specificity of learning suggests that what you learn depends
largely on what you practice
o Practicing in a particular environment or workspace often leads to better
performance mainly in that environment. Home Field Advantage?
o The sensory feedback resulting from performance during specific types of
practice or in specific environments becomes part of the learned
representation for skill.
o Performance is most skillful when this same sensory info is available
• Stages of Learning
o Descriptors of different levels of skill development Progression from one
stage to another will change the with needs of the performer
o Motor skill learning involves a systematic progression across a number of
distinct stages
• Fitts
o Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous
o Fitts’ Stage 1: Cognitive Stage
▪ Understanding nature of the task
• Goal identification, performance evaluation,
determine the what, when and how to do
▪ Realization of the movements goal(s)
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