BIOL 3P43 Midterm: Lecture 6 Condensed

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25 Feb 2019

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Latic acid: made from pyruvate which is simply reduced to lactic acid, homofermentative using lactic acid bacteria use the emp pathway to make pyruvate and then reduce it to lactate up their excess nadh in the process. Other bacteria use alternative pathways to generate lactate from glucose: homolactic -> only make lactic acid, heterolactic -> they produce lactic acid and other compounds -> mixed acid fermentation. The electrons released during glycolysis are passed to pyruvic acid to form two molecules of lactic acid. L. a. fermentation is carried out by many bacteria, most notably by the lactic acid bacteria used in the production of yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut and pickles. Spoilage is determined by the count of microbes -> if it is spoiled there will be 1x10(7) microbes/gram of solid material. Spoilage of eggs include; pseudomonas, proteus, deromonas and penicillium. Spoilage of milk include; pseudomonas, alcaligens, flavobacterium, clostridium. Cheese: milk that has been curdled and fermented by microbes.

Related Questions

Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?

	Fermentation
	An electron transport chain
	Pyruvate oxidation
	Glycolysis
	All of the above

The primary purpose of catabolism is

	generation of ADP.
	generation of ATP.
	oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
	degradation of organic molecules.
	biosynthesis.

What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?

	It is reduced to lactic acid.
	It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
	It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
	It is catabolized in glycolysis.
	It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by

	a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
	b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
	c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?

	Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
	These are other names for glycolysis.
	Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
	Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
	Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate

	a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
	b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
	c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
	d) Both a and b
	e) Both b and c

Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?

	The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid
	The complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ andH₂O
	The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
	The production of ATP from glucose
	The production of ethanol from glucose

A reaction that yields energy has a

	positive ?G_o?.
	negative ?G_o?.
	positive ?E_o?.
	negative ?E_o?.
	negative ?H_o?.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause

	a) electrons generally accompany protons.
	b) protons generally accompany protons.
	c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

10.

Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?

	It involves the reduction of oxygen.
	It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
	It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
	It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
	It does not generate ATP.

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BIOL 3P43 Midterm: Lecture 6 Condensed

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