BIOL 1F90 Midterm: Chapter 2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Water
17 Oct 2015
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Rutherford explained that because most of the volume of an atom is empty space, it makes sense that 98% of the alpha particles went straight through. Nuclei of simple atoms and their electrons: figure 2. 2 is considered an oversimplification of an atom, since electrons do not orbit the nucleus in a defined path. The heavy isotope c-14 contains 8 neutrons and 6 protons, meaning that it has an atomic number of 6 but an atomic mass of 14 daltons. This is clearly evident in the periodic table; elements in the same column have the same ability to accept or donate a certain number of electrons in order to form a chemical bond. Octet rule: atoms are stable when outer shell is full, for many atoms, the outer shell fills with 8 electrons, exception is hydrogen, as it only requires 2 electrons to have a full octet.
