PSYC1111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Australian Psychological Society, Informed Consent, American Psychological Association
Ethics
Psychological associations
• American psychological association (APA)
• British psychological society (BPS)
• Australian psychological society (APS)
Ethical guidelines on
• Human research
• Animal research
• Clinical practice
Key tenets of Ethical Codes
1. First do no harm (primum non necere)
a. Long lasting serious harm
b. Principle of non-maleficence
c. Complementary principle: Principle of beneficence
i. Improve health
2. Informed consent
a. Legal requirement
b. Allowed to withdraw at any time (freedom from coercion)
3. Protection of privacy
a. Details remain confidential (confidentiality)
b. Confidential unless otherwise agreed upon (anonymity)
4. Valid research design
a. Yield valuable results
b. Valid and reliable results
Ethical dilemmas in research
• Researcher are not neutral parties
• Ethics research review panels
o Contains scientists and lay people from different professions
o Need to ask
▪ What might go wrong
▪ Beneits vs. harm?
▪ Harm been minimized?
Deception and Harm
• Necessary to ensure the validity of studies
• Deception: any misinformation intentionally given to participants about a study
• Must be debriefed
• Allowed to withdraw
Animal Research Ethics
• The three Rs
o Replacement of animals by other research methods
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