HNN112 Study Guide - Final Guide: Narcolepsy, Cognitive Therapy, Xerostomia
HNN112
SLEEP
1
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SLEEP AND RELATIONSHIP TO HEALTH
Sleep is an altered state of consciousness in hich the indiidual’s perception of and reaction to the
environment are decreased. It is characterised by minimal physical activity, variable levels of
osiousess, hages i the ody’s physiologial proesses ad dereased resposieess.
We require sleep for many reasons; to cope with daily stress, prevent fatigue, conserve energy, restore the
mind and body and enjoy life. It is vital physiologically as well as psychologically.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
Sleep ad akig yles are est ko as iradia rhyths. Whe a perso’s iologial lok oiides
with their sleep-wake cycle it is said they are in circadian synchronisation; their body temperature is lowest
when they are asleep and highest when they are awake.
NREM SLEEP
NREM occurs for about 75-85% of sleep. It occurs in 4 stages.
Stage 1 is the stage of very light sleep and only lasts a few minutes, the person feels drowsy and relaxed
and they can be readily awakened, they may deny they were asleep. HR and RR start to decline slightly.
Stage 2 is the next stage of light sleep in which the body processes begin to slow down. The eyes are
generally still, HR and RR decreases and temp falls. It lasts 10-15 minutes and accounts for 45-55% of sleep.
Stage 3 and 4 are the deepest stages of sleep, differing only in the percentage of delta waves. HR and RR
slow to 20-30% below waking hours, muscles are relaxed and it can be hard to be aroused.
These are essential for restoring energy and releasing growth hormones.
REM SLEEP
REM occurs every 90-minute cycle and lasts 5-30 minutes. It is where dreams occur as the brain is highly
active and helps stimulate neurons in the brain and the regions used for learning, thinking and organising
information in this stage.
SLEEP THROUGH THE LIFESPAN
Newborns require 16-18 hours a day.
Infants require 14-15 hours a day.
Toddlers require 12-14 hours a day.
Pre-schoolers (3-5) require 11-13 hours a day.
School-age children (5-12) require 10-11 hours a day.
Adolescents require 9-10 hours of sleep.
Adults require 7-9 hours of sleep.
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Document Summary
Physiological aspects of sleep and relationship to health. Sleep is an altered state of consciousness in (cid:449)hich the indi(cid:448)idual"s perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased. It is characterised by minimal physical activity, variable levels of (cid:272)o(cid:374)s(cid:272)ious(cid:374)ess, (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ges i(cid:374) the (cid:271)ody"s physiologi(cid:272)al pro(cid:272)esses a(cid:374)d de(cid:272)reased respo(cid:374)si(cid:448)e(cid:374)ess. We require sleep for many reasons; to cope with daily stress, prevent fatigue, conserve energy, restore the mind and body and enjoy life. It is vital physiologically as well as psychologically. Stage 1 is the stage of very light sleep and only lasts a few minutes, the person feels drowsy and relaxed and they can be readily awakened, they may deny they were asleep. Stage 2 is the next stage of light sleep in which the body processes begin to slow down. The eyes are generally still, hr and rr decreases and temp falls. It lasts 10-15 minutes and accounts for 45-55% of sleep.
