BMSC11002 Study Guide - Final Guide: Sagittal Suture, Autonomic Nervous System, Postcentral Gyrus

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HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS EXAM NOTES

CHAPTER 1

1. List the 6 levels of structural organisation found within the human body

2. List the 6 processes that distinguish living from non-living items.

3. Define the three key components of a feedback system.

4. Define, using physiological examples the similarities and differences between positive

and negative feedback systems.

5. Define what is meant by the term “anatomical position”.

6. Provide a definition for each of the following directional terms:

• Superior

• Inferior

• Anterior

• Posterior

• Medial

• Lateral

• Intermediate

• Ipsilateral

• Contralateral

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• Proximal

• Distal

• Superficial (external)

• Deep (internal)

7. Provide a brief definition of the following planes:

• Midsagittal plane

• Parasagittal plane

• Frontal plane

• Transverse plane

• Oblique plane

8. Identify the body cavities highlighted in the diagram

below

9. Identify the body cavities highlighted in the diagram

below

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10.Identify the abdominopelvic regions on the diagram below

11.Identify the abdominopelvic quadrants on the diagram below

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Document Summary

10. identify the abdominopelvic regions on the diagram below. 11. identify the abdominopelvic quadrants on the diagram below. Chapter 2: define the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and a polysaccharide and give an example of each, define the difference between a fatty acid, a triglyceride, a phospholipid and a steroid. 4 | p a g e: define the generic structure of dna, name the molecule that is considered to be the principal currency of energy within human cells, identify the key components which comprise this molecule. 10. define the structure and function of the following cellular organelles: cytoskeleton, centrosome, cilia, flagella, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough, golgi complex. 7 | p a g e: lysosomes, peroxisomes, proteasomes, mitochondria. 11. define the structure and function of the nucleus. 12. identify the two major steps associated with the production of proteins and provide a brief description of each (no more than one sentence).

Related Questions

2260 A&P 1 Lecture - Unit 1

Beware! ANYTHING within the assigned readings or discussed in lecture is fair game whether it is part of this list or not!!

What is the study of Anatomy? Provide an example of an anatomical study.

What is the study of Physiology? Provide an example of a physiological study.

List the characteristics of living things and briefly discuss them.

List the levels of organization from smallest to largest. Provide a specific example for each level.

Compare/Contrast sections and planes.

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the anatomical position?

Practice placing a section through a location in the body and then determine what structures would be made visible by that section in that location. For example if a coronal (frontal) section were made in the thoracic region (would be able to see both lungs, the heart, depending on the exact location of the cut, maybe the esophagus and /or the trachea)

Practice the directional terms using them to describe the locational relationship between two body regions (use the technical terms for those body regions, (i.e. if the original post used __ is superior to blank, the opposite would be ___ is inferior to __).

Distinguish between the nine abdominal regions and four quadrants and indicate what major organ(s) would be found deep to that region or quadrant.

Why is it important to study the language of anatomy and physiology if one is going into the medical field?

Define homeostasis. What thing (or things) in our body maintains homeostasis? And what regulates those "things"?

What is the likely result if homeostasis is not maintained?

13. What are the components of feedback mechanisms? What is the function of each component?

14. Discuss negative feedback mechanisms. Give a specific example of one.

Discuss positive feedback mechanisms. Give a specific example of one.

Discuss the levels of organization, list the various levels and provide a specific example of each level.

What is matter?

What are elements? What are the four most common elements of the human body?

Distinguish between atoms, and molecules. Provide an example of each.

What information is provided by the molecular formula? For example what can be said of the formula C₆H₁₂O_6, the molecular formula for glucose?

Briefly distinguish between organic and inorganic molecules. Recall that MY preferred defining quality differs from what the text says!

Consider/review the important inorganic molecules discussed in chp 2 and describe their importance in the human body.

Distinguish between acids and bases. Which of these will have relatively more free H+ ions?

What is the pH range of an acid? Of a base? What would be the pH value of a solution where the number of H+ ions = OH- ions?

What are the states of acidosis and alkalosis with reference to blood pH values?

Consider/review the important organic molecules discussed in chp 2 and describe their general importance in the human body.

Distinguish between solvent and solute.

Discuss the term osmolarity.

Consider/review the four types of lipids and discuss their individual function in the human body. Lipids are not composed of monomers but they do have âbuilding blocksâ, what are these building blocks?

What are the "building blocks" or monomers (looking for a group or class name) of a carbohydrate polymer? Name the five (5) types of carbohydrate monomers.

When two of these carbohydrate monomers are bonded together what "class" of carbohydrate is formed? What are the types of this "class"? What is the source (food) for each of these?

When three or more of these monomers are bonded together they form which "class" of carbohydrate? Which one of these stores excess carbs in animals (mainly in the liver)? Which one stores excess carbs in plants? And which one is indigestible by the human gut, but is important because it provides "bulk" in the form of fiber and helps keep fecal matter moving in the intestines?

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Briefly describe deoxyribonucleic acid including its general function.

Briefly describe ribonucleic acid including its general function.

What are the monomers of proteins? What kind of bond holds the monomers together?

Distinguish between oligopeptides and polypeptides.

Choose TWO general functions of proteins based on the globular vs fibrous classification of proteins, the class of protein that performs that function and a specific example for each.

What events or environments denature a protein? What has happened if a protein is denatured? What happens to its function if it is denatured?

What class of organic molecules are enzymes and what do they do in the body? How do they do their function? In other words, what is their mechanism of action/what do they change to do their job?

What are enzyme co-factors and what is their role in enzyme action?

How are enzymes regulated?

BMSC11002 Study Guide - Final Guide: Sagittal Suture, Autonomic Nervous System, Postcentral Gyrus

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