PHTY208 Study Guide - Final Guide: Ankylosing Spondylitis, Rheumatism, Renal Tubular Acidosis
Document Summary
Personal: age, race, small bone structure, gender, family hx. Lifestyle: sedentary, calcium deficiency, nutrition status, smoking. Drugs and disease: heparin, corticosteroids, diabetes mellitus, copd, ra. Hormone levels: postmenopausal women (oestrogen deficiency), growth factors. Secondary op (associated with other conditions): malignancies, endocrine disorders, etc. Loss of trabeculae and thinning of the cortex. Increased risk of bone fractures with less force than normal. Due to deficiency/impaired metabolism of vitamin d, magnesium, phosphorous or calcium. Failure or delay in calcification of growth plate, delay in mineralisation. Bone pain or tenderness, muscle weakness, skeletal deformity (bowed legs), spinal deformities, growth disturbances, soft skull. Softening of bones but doesn"t involve bone loss. Bone mineral content decreased (less rigid, more flexible) Prevention and early detection to prevent deformities. Inflammatory erosion of insertions of tendons and ligaments to bone. Ultimate destruction of joints or posterior fusion of the spine. Pain in spine, buttocks and hips, reduced.
