You have decided to start a savings account because you would like to go on holiday with a friend 
and you need to keep track of your deposits, interest paid, balance and tax liabilities. Your goal is 
to save for three months.
You have spent some time comparing various savings options to get the most growth out of your 
savings. That means the higher the interest rate, the more your money will increase. The savings 
account you have chosen offers the best interest rates which are based on a sliding scale on the 
balance of your account. 
Definition: A sliding scale is a system in which the interest rate which is paid changes because of 
other conditions. For example: 
• The more money you earn, the more tax you must pay; 
• The more money you invest in savings, the higher interest rate you will receive.
VALUE OF SAVINGS ACCOUNT BALANCE INTEREST RATE 
(per month)
Less than R2 000 2%
Greater than or equal to R2 000 but less 
than R5 000
4%
Greater than or equal to R5 000 6%
The South African Revenue Services (SARS) will deduct 25% tax of the interest paid into your 
account each month (from the profit you make every month), i.e., the interest paid to you by the 
bank.
Write the pseudocode for the following scenario. 
The input into the program will be:
• Account number (numeric)
• Amount of the deposit (numeric)
• Month (numeric)
22; 23 2023
© The Independent Institute of Education (Pty) Ltd 2023
Page 4 of 7
The program must do the following:
• Ask the user to enter the account number twice and compare the two account numbers to 
each other in order to verify that the correct account is being accessed. This is to ensure 
you will make your deposit into the correct account. If the two account numbers entered 
do not match, then display an appropriate message and ask the user to re-enter the two 
account numbers again. 
• The minimum monthly deposit is R500. Check that the deposited amount is R500 or more. 
If it is less than R500, then the program must prompt you to re-enter an amount to deposit 
until you specify an amount of R500 or more.
• Use a case structure to convert the numeric month to a string month name. 
o E.g., 1 will be January and 2 will be February, etc. 
• Check the account balance against the range of values to determine the interest rate (from 
the table above).
• Calculate the interest payable and add the interest payable to your account balance.
• Calculate the tax due to SARS (25%) and deduct this from your account balance. 
• Print out a balance statement each time you make a deposit so you can keep track of your 
account balance. The balance statement must include the following information: 
o Opening Balance; 
o Deposit; 
o Interest Earned; 
o Tax due to SARS;
o Closing Balance

c plus plus is a popular programming language introduced by john strawstrom in the year 1979. It is general purpose case sensitive language and it is called pre-compiled language. It contains both features of high level and low level language. C plus plus supports procedural programming and functional programming as well. There are different types of data type that acts as a keyword which is responsible to define a variable. The syntax of strings contains a collection of characters surrounded by double quotes for example here string is the type str is the name of the string and coffee is the value that is assigned to the string. For loop for loop is the repetition control structure that allows us to repeat a block of code for a fixed number of times instead of repeating the same code again and again. Another type of loop is while loop while loop are used in c plus are group of statements that are designed to perform a specific task. functions in c and c plus allow us to write a code inside the function and then we can use that code every time when we need it by mocking the function.

We have to use if condition because we want to find the even elements and the odd elements and for that we have to include if condition so we 'll write if array of i mod 2 that is if an element on dividing by 2 gives 0 as a remainder then it will it is even element so we'll increment the even variable this which we have written 0 will increment over here okay so in this question we have used array for loop and if else so now let 's try some other example. We will print the elements from 1 to 20 using while loop and with the help of function so first of all we 'll start with intermittent and inside int main will simply call or invoke the function by writing the name of the function print function. In order to give some space between each element while printing we have used double quotes with the space between them. Get line c in is used to take the input of a string and s is the name of the string. Now we will print another message saying that you have entered now here we'll print the string so next line and then okay now we 'll do some operations like s dot pushback this will add an element at the end of the. string. There are some more examples on each of these topics we have covered.

Q3: Summarize the following article in your own words for nontechnical readers interested in current voice cloning technologies. Reduce to roughly 25% of the original text. Include the in-text citation and end-of text reference using IEEE style.

Modern Social Engineering Voice Cloning Technologies 

by S. Sokolov, O. M. Alimov October 9, 2020 

Published in IEEE Xplore (pp. 513-514)   doi: 10.1109/EIConRus49466.2020.9038954 

Over the past few years, technologies capable of recognizing the human voice have made tremendous advances. The voice biometrics of each person is unique, which allows it to be used as an authenticator of a specific user. In 1952, the first voice recognizer from 0 to 9 was introduced, developed by Bell. This was the first major step in the development of speech recognition technology. Nowadays, people can observe a wide range of use of voice recognition technologies both in security systems and in ordinary and entertainment fields. This makes it easier to solve human problems and gradually become an integral part of life. 

The first mass-produced speech recognition product was released in 1990 - it was Dragon Dictate. IBM introduced ViaVoice in 1994, and Bell introduced the Val telephone system in 1995 to automate dispatchers and call routing. At the moment, the most popular speech recognition technologies have contributed to smartphones, the development of which since 2011 began the integration of digital (or virtual) assistants. 

Over time, the set of features gradually increases, but the functions and availability of services depend on the language, country, and region. Modern speech recognition technologies are also used in banking systems (voice authorization system), security systems, "smart homes", household appliances, social services for people with disabilities, in-car systems, and others. 

Nowadays, the number of services using voice control is growing steadily. Many of the largest digital technology companies have or are preparing to introduce a digital assistant. This list includes Alibaba (AliGenie), Amazon (Alexa), Apple (Siri), Facebook (M / Aloha), Google (Assistant), Samsung (Bixby). Now we can say that virtual assistants are still in their infancy, but already now companies are developing their development vector aimed at achieving different goals. And the systems of "smart home", shown back in the 80s and 90s in films and on television, ceased to be expensive and inaccessible. Now this management is not much gone from the first type, people just began to include in their voices what they turned on with their hands. But these systems will be able to increase their capabilities with further development. 

At the moment, technology allows people not only to recognize the speech delivered by a particular person, but also to imitate the necessary voice. Nowadays, neural networks synthesizing the voice of specific people are actively gaining popularity. A system based on a neural network is capable of cloning a human voice based on the analysis of even a very short fragment of the source material. Programs not only very well imitate human speech, but also are able to introduce their own peculiarities into it like an accent.

For many of us, smartphones have become indispensable, but they have also come under fire
for their impact on the way we think and behave, especially among children. Two of the largest
investors in Apple Inc. are urging the iPhone maker to take action against smartphone addiction
among children over growing concerns about the negative effects of technology. An open letter
to Apple on January 6, 2018 from New York-based JANA Partners and the California State
Teachers’ Retirement System (CalSTRS) stated that the firm must do more to help children
fight smartphone addiction. These two shareholders together control about $2 billion in Apple
stock. The investors’ letter urged Apple to offer tools to prevent smartphone addiction and to
provide more parental options for monitoring children’s smartphone usage. The iOS operating
system for Apple smartphones and tablets already has limited parental controls for restricting
Examiners: Dr. Emmanuel Awuni and Dr. Acheampong Owusu Page 2 of 4
apps, features such as location sharing, and access to certain types of content. The investors
felt Apple needs to do more—for example, enable parents to specify the age of the user of the
phone during setup, establish limits on screen time, select hours of the day the phone can be
used, and block social media services.
The average American teenager who uses a smartphone receives his or her first phone at age
10 and spends over 4.5 hours a day on it (excluding texting and talking). Seventy-eight percent
of teens check their phones at least hourly and 50 percent report feeling “addicted” to their
phones. The investors’ letter cited a number of studies on the negative effects of heavy
smartphone and social media use on the mental and physical health of children whose brains
are still developing. These range from distractions in the classroom to a higher risk of suicide
and depression. A recent survey of over 2,300 teachers by them Center on Media and Child
Health and the University of Alberta found that 67 percent of the teachers reported that the
number of students who are negatively distracted by digital technologies in the classroom is
growing. Seventy-five percent of these teachers think students’ ability to focus on educational
tasks has decreased. Research by psychology professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State
University found that U.S. teenagers who spend 3 hours a day or more on electronic devices
are 35 percent more likely, and those who spend 5 hours, or more are 71 percent more likely,
to have a risk factor for suicide than those who spend less than 1 hour. This research also
showed that eighth-graders who are heavy users of social media have a 27 percent higher risk
of depression. Those who spend more than the average time playing sports, hanging out with
friends in person, or doing homework have a significantly lower risk. Additionally, teens who
spend 5 or more hours a day on electronic devices are 51 percent more likely to get less than 7
hours of sleep per night (versus the recommended 9).
Nicholas Carr, who has studied the impact of technology on business and culture, shares these
concerns. He has been highly critical of the Internet’s effect on cognition, and these cognitive
effects extend to smartphone use. Carr worries that excessive use of mobile devices diminishes
the capacity for concentration and contemplation. Carr recognizes that smartphones provide
many useful functions in a very handy form. However, this extraordinary usefulness gives them
too much influence on our attention, thinking, and behaviour. Smartphones shape our thoughts
in deep and complicated ways, and their effects persist even when we aren’t using the devices.
Research suggests that the intellect weakens as the brain grows dependent on the technology.
Carr points to the work of Adrian Ward, a cognitive psychologist and marketing professor at
the University of Texas at Austin, who for a decade has been studying how smartphones and
the Internet affect people’s thoughts and judgment. Ward has observed that using a smartphone,
or even hearing one ring or vibrate, produces distractions that make it harder to concentrate on
a difficult problem or job. Divided attention impedes reasoning and performance.
A study published in Applied Cognitive Psychology in April 2017 examined how smartphones
affected learning in a lecture class with 160 students at the University of Arkansas at
Monticello. It found that students who didn’t bring their phones to the classroom scored a full
letter-grade higher on a test of the material presented than those who brought their phones. It
didn’t matter whether students who brought their phones used them or not. A study of 91 U.K.
secondary schools, published in 2016 in the journal Labour Economics, found that when
schools ban smartphones, students’ examination scores go up substantially, and the weakest 
students benefit the most. Carr also observes that using smartphones extensively can be
detrimental to social skills and relationships. Connecting with “friends” electronically via
smartphones is not a substitute for genuine person-to-person relationships and face-to-face
conversations.