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Condensation nuclei, tiny particles of matter in the air, are important because ________.

A) they increase the density of air and thus its buoyancy
B) they provide a surface for water molecules to form on
C) they provide point sources of heat in the air
D) they will affect the environmental lapse rate

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Vikas
VikasLv10
12 Jan 2021

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Related textbook solutions

Physics: Principles with Applications
7th Edition, 2013
Giancoli
ISBN: 9780321625922

Related questions

In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. Thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. For the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. The point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down.This breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. The ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. In addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. These two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. Take the breakdown electric field of air to be E_b = 3.00 \times 10^6 \;{\rm N/C}.

Q:

Estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached.
Express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using \epsilon_0=8.85 \times 10^{-12} \;\rm{C^2/(N \cdot m^2)} .
A:
in terms of Coulombs

In a thunderstorm, the charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. Thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. For the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00km. The point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. This breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. The ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. In addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. These two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. Take the breakdown electric field of air to be Eb = 3.00 x 10^6 N/C.

Estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached.

Express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ε0 = 8.85 x 10^{-12} C^2/(N•m^2). 

 

During the early stages of designing a modern electric generating plant, you are in charge of the team of environmental engineers. The new plant is to be located on the ocean and will use ocean water for cooling. The plant will produce electrical power at the rate of 1.02 GW. Because the plant will have an efficiency of one-third (typical of most modern plants), heat will be released to the cooling water at the rate of 2.04 GW. If environmental codes require that only water with a temperature increase of 13°F or less can be returned to the ocean, estimate the flow rate of cooling water through the plant.

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