Question

All of the following is true regarding shortwave radiation that reaches the earth's surface EXCEPT.

a. the earth's atmosphere can be heated by latent heat released through condensation, freezing, and deposition.

b. heating of the atmosphere by insolation is more effective than heating of the atmosphere by land and water.

c. shortwave radiation is absorbed by the surface and then radiated as longwave radiation where it can later be directed downward by counter radiation.

d. some shortwave radiation is converted absorbed by ozone molecules in the stratosphere and converted to sensible heat.