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Antacids, such as milk of magnesia, are often taken to reduce the discomfort of acid stomach or heartburn. The recommended dose of milk of magnesia is 1 teaspoon, which contains 500 mg of Mg(OH)2.

1.What volume of HCl solution with a pH of 1.3 can be neutralized by 1 dose of milk of magnesia? (Assume two significant figures in your calculations.)

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Related questions

The pH in your stomach varies considerably depending on whether or not food is being actively digested. During digestion, stomach pH typically ranges from 1-2, while resting pH generally ranges from 3-4. Antacids are a class of medicines which help neutralize stomach pH, particularly for those who might experience acid reflux. A common chemical component of antacids is aluminium hydroxide – Al(OH)3, a single molecule of which can neutralize 3 free hydrogens. Assume that each dose of your antacid medicine contains 300mg of aluminium hydroxide (MW = 78 g/mol) and that the volume of your stomach is 0.90L.

Part A) Let’s say that after you’ve eaten you know that the pH in your stomach is 1.50 and that you will experience acid reflux until the pH in your stomach is at least 4.0. How many doses of antacid would you need to take in order to raise your pH to or above 4.0 (assume you can only take full doses – no partial doses)?

Part B) Assuming that the antacid has a clearance rate from the stomach of 1 mM/hr and that stomach acid (H+) is produced at a rate of 0.5 mM/hr, and that you took one more dose of antacid than you needed to get your stomach pH above 4 (add 1 to your previous answer), for how long will the antacid you took keep your stomach pH above 4? Assume steady state clearance of the antacid

Larry has not been feeling well lately. He tells his doctor that he has discomfort and a burning feeling in his chest, and a sour taste in his throat and mouth. At times, Larry says he feels bloated after a big meal, has a dry cough, is hoarse, and sometimes has a sore throat. He has tried antacids, but they do not bring any relief.
The doctor tells Larry that he thinks he has acid reflux. At the top of the stomach there is a valve, the lower esophageal sphincter, that normally closes after food passes through it. However, if the valve does not close completely, acid produced in the stomach to digest food can move up into the esophagus, a condition called acid reflux. The acid, which is hydrochloric acid, HCl, is produced in the stomach to kill bacteria, microorganisms, and to activate the enzymes we need to break down food. (Figure 1)
If acid reflux occurs, the strong acid HCl comes in contact with the lining of the esophagus, where it causes irritation and produces a burning feeling in the chest. Sometimes the pain in the chest is called heartburn. If the HCl reflux goes high enough to reach the throat, a sour taste may be noticed in the mouth. If Larry's symptoms occur three or more times a week, he may have a chronic condition known as acid reflux disease orgastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Larry's doctor orders an esophageal pH test in which the amount of acid entering the esophagus from the stomach is measured over 24 h. A probe that measures the pH is inserted into the lower esophagus above the esophageal sphincter. The pHmeasurements indicate a reflux episode each time the pH drops to 4 or less.
In the 24-h period, Larry has several reflux episodes and his doctor determines that he has chronic GERD. He and Larry discuss treatment for GERD, which includes eating smaller meals, not lying down for 3 h after eating, making dietary changes, and losing weight. Antacids may be used to neutralize the acid coming up from the stomach. Other medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as Prilosec and Nexium, may be used to suppress the production of HCl in the stomach (gastric parietal cells), which raises the pH in the stomach to between 4 and 5, and gives the esophagus time to heal. Nexium may be given in oral doses of 40 mg once a day for 4 weeks. In severe GERD cases, an artificial valve may be created at the top of the stomach to strength the lower esophageal sphincter.(Figure 2)

Part A

How many grams of Mg(OH)2 are required to neutralize 450. mL of stomach acid HCl with a pH of 1.7?

Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Problem 3.63

Several brands of antacids use Al(OH)3 to react with stomach acid, which contains primarily HCl: αAl(OH)3(s)+βHCl(aq)→γAlCl3(aq)+δH2O(l)

Part A

Balance this equation.

Express your answer as a balanced chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.

Al(OH)3+3HCl→AlCl3+3H2O

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Part B

Calculate the number of grams of HCl that can react with 0.490 g of Al(OH)3.
m =

.77

 g

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Part C

Calculate the number of grams of AlCl3 formed when 0.490 g of Al(OH)3 reacts.
m =

0.34

 g

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Part D

Calculate the number of grams of H2O formed when 0.490 g of Al(OH)3 reacts.
m =

.77

 g

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Problem 4.71

Indicate the concentration of each ion or molecule present in the following solutions.

Part A

0.25 M NaNO3

Express your answer numerically using two significant figures. If there is more than one answer, separate them by a comma.

0.25,0.25

 M

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Part B

1.7×10−2M MgSO4

Express your answer numerically using two significant figures. If there is more than one answer, separate them by a comma.

1.3,1.3

 M

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Part C

2.00×10−2M C6H12O6

Express your answer numerically using three significant figures. If there is more than one answer, separate them by a comma.
M

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Part D

A mixture of 45.0mL of 0.272M NaCl and 65.0mL of 0.0247M (NH4)2CO3. Assume that the volumes are additive.

Express your answer numerically using three significant figures. If there is more than one answer, separate them by a comma.

0.0146,0.111,0.0292,0.0146

 M

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Problem 4.73

Part A

You have a stock solution of 16.0 M NH3. How many milliliters of this solution should you dilute to make 1250 mL of 0.280 M NH3?
V = mL

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Part B

If you take a 10.0-mL portion of the stock solution and dilute it to a total volume of 0.450 L , what will be the concentration of the final solution?
M =

0.022

 M

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