1)
(i) In the late 1800s, J. J. Thomson built on earlier experimentsusing cathode ray tubes. The radiation emitted from the cathode(negative electrode) was accelerated toward the anode (positiveelectrode) in these tubes and was observed to be the sameregardless of the composition of the cathode. The ray could bedeflected away from the negative plate of an external electricalfield and toward the positive plate. The ray could also bedeflected by an external magnetic field, as would be expected for anegative particle. By controlling the strengths of the externallyimposed electrical and magnetic fields, the two fields can becounterbalanced and the ray passes through the fields undeflectedas when no fields at all were imposed. By knowing the strengths ofthese fields, it is possible to determine the charge-to-mass ratioof these cathode rays or particles.
Based on the data Thomson collected in his experiments usingcathode rays, the concept of atomic structure was modified. Whichof the following statements about the atomic structure werevalidated by his cathode ray experiments? Select all letters thatapply.
a) Matter contains positive and negative charge.
b) Cathode rays have mass.
An atom is divisible.
c) In the atom, the particles of the cathode rays are embedded in adiffuse cloud of positive charge.
d) Particles of the cathode rays are fundamental to allmatter.
ii) By using an apparatus in which oil droplets were given anelectrical charge by irradiation with X rays, the oil drops'descent due to gravity could be countered by application of chargeto plates on the top and bottom of the apparatus. The upper platewas positively charged and the lower plated negatively charged. Bymonitoring the size of the drops, the rate of fall, and the chargeon the plates, Millikan determined that all drops carried aninteger multiple of -1.60 * 10^-19, where is a coulomb, which is aunit of electrical charge.
Based on the data gathered in Millikan's oil-drop experiments, theconcept of atomic structure was modified. Which of the followingaspects of the structure of the atom was validated by theseexperiments? Select all letters which apply.
a) charge on a proton
b) mass of the atom
c) mass of an electron
d) charge on an electron
e) mass of a proton
iii) Rutherford's experiment studied the deflection or scatteringof alpha particles, now known as helium nuclei, as they passedthrough very thin gold foil. As detected by a fluorescent screen,most of the alpha particles passed through the foil but a smallnumber were deflected at very large angles.
Based on the data gathered in the Rutherford's scatteringexperiments, the concept of atomic structure was modified. Which ofthe following aspects of the structure of the atom were validatedby these experiments?
a) the charge on the nucleus being positive
b) the charge on a proton
c) the existence of the atomic nucleus
d) most of the atomic volume being empty space
e) the nuclear density being large
1)
(i) In the late 1800s, J. J. Thomson built on earlier experimentsusing cathode ray tubes. The radiation emitted from the cathode(negative electrode) was accelerated toward the anode (positiveelectrode) in these tubes and was observed to be the sameregardless of the composition of the cathode. The ray could bedeflected away from the negative plate of an external electricalfield and toward the positive plate. The ray could also bedeflected by an external magnetic field, as would be expected for anegative particle. By controlling the strengths of the externallyimposed electrical and magnetic fields, the two fields can becounterbalanced and the ray passes through the fields undeflectedas when no fields at all were imposed. By knowing the strengths ofthese fields, it is possible to determine the charge-to-mass ratioof these cathode rays or particles.
Based on the data Thomson collected in his experiments usingcathode rays, the concept of atomic structure was modified. Whichof the following statements about the atomic structure werevalidated by his cathode ray experiments? Select all letters thatapply.
a) Matter contains positive and negative charge.
b) Cathode rays have mass.
An atom is divisible.
c) In the atom, the particles of the cathode rays are embedded in adiffuse cloud of positive charge.
d) Particles of the cathode rays are fundamental to allmatter.
ii) By using an apparatus in which oil droplets were given anelectrical charge by irradiation with X rays, the oil drops'descent due to gravity could be countered by application of chargeto plates on the top and bottom of the apparatus. The upper platewas positively charged and the lower plated negatively charged. Bymonitoring the size of the drops, the rate of fall, and the chargeon the plates, Millikan determined that all drops carried aninteger multiple of -1.60 * 10^-19, where is a coulomb, which is aunit of electrical charge.
Based on the data gathered in Millikan's oil-drop experiments, theconcept of atomic structure was modified. Which of the followingaspects of the structure of the atom was validated by theseexperiments? Select all letters which apply.
a) charge on a proton
b) mass of the atom
c) mass of an electron
d) charge on an electron
e) mass of a proton
iii) Rutherford's experiment studied the deflection or scatteringof alpha particles, now known as helium nuclei, as they passedthrough very thin gold foil. As detected by a fluorescent screen,most of the alpha particles passed through the foil but a smallnumber were deflected at very large angles.
Based on the data gathered in the Rutherford's scatteringexperiments, the concept of atomic structure was modified. Which ofthe following aspects of the structure of the atom were validatedby these experiments?
a) the charge on the nucleus being positive
b) the charge on a proton
c) the existence of the atomic nucleus
d) most of the atomic volume being empty space
e) the nuclear density being large
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