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20 Dec 2018

Mr. Robert has a limited income and consumes only wine and cheese; his current consumption choice is four bottles of wine and 10 pounds of cheese. The price of wine is $10 per bottle, and the price of cheese is $4 per pound. The last bottle of wine added 50 units to Robert’s utility, while the last pound of cheese added 40 units. -

1. Is Mr. Robert making the utility –maximizing choice? Why or Why not?

2. If not, what should he do instead? Why?

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21 Dec 2018
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Related questions

Suppose that Spain and Sweden both produce fish and wine. Spain's opportunity cost of producing a bottle of wine is 4 pounds of fish while Sweden's opportunity cost of producing a bottle of wine is 10 pounds of fish.

By comparing the opportunity cost of producing wine in the two countries, you can tell that ( Spain or Sweden ) has a comparative advantage in the production of wine and ( Spain or Sweden ) has a comparative advantage in the production of fish.

Suppose that Spain and Sweden consider trading wine and fish with each other. Spain can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than (1 or 1/10 or 1/4 or 4 or 10 pounds ) of fish for each bottle of wine it exports to Sweden. Similarly, Sweden can gain from trade as long as it receives more than (1 or 1/10 or 1/4 or 4 or 10 bottles ) of wine for each pound of fish it exports to Spain.

Based on your answer to the last question, which of the following prices of trade (that is, the price of wine in terms of fish) would allow both Sweden and Spain to gain from trade? Check all that apply.

A) 9 pounds of fish per bottle of wine

B) 1 pound of fish per bottle of wine

C) 16 pounds of fish per bottle of wine

D) 2 pounds of fish per bottle of wine

Tom owns a winery that produces red wines. He is a profit-maximizing, price-taker. The market price for a bottle of red wine is $40. His costs are given by C = 0.1Q^2 + 20Q + 100, where Q represents the number of bottles.

a. How many bottles will he produce and what are his profits?

b. Assume the state now requires a $100 per year license for all wine producers. Assume the market price (here, the price of a bottle of red wine) remains at $40. How many bottles does Tom produce? What are his profits?

c. Suppose instead, the state requires all wine producers to pay a $10 fee for each bottle. Again, assume the market price (here, the price of a bottle of red wine) remains at $40. How many bottles does Tom produce? What are his profits?

d. Is this firm in the long-run or in the short-run?

Case Study:

Wine Exports to China rise in value before the mid-1990s, the wine market in Asia was non-existent and many wine producers did not see potential in the Asian markets. But during the late 1990s and early 2000s, the markets started to change, and, almost overnight, wine became a symbol of wealth and class. The only problem was that very few producers were serving the market. As more producers became aware of the new potential markets, they started to enter China, Thailand, Singapore, Korea, and Japan. China posed specific problems for producers and importers as distribution channels and marketing strategies were virtually non-existent because the market was too new. The wine market maintained double-digit growth from 2005 - 2010, and it should grow faster than any other alcoholic beverage sector in the coming five years. With consumption rising at 10% - 15% per year it can be tempting for producers, whose traditional markets are stagnant, to consider China as a possible solution to their problems. Though there is little doubt that the market will continue to expand, the challenges are numerous: 1. A lack of transparency, counterfeit products, and unreliable information. 2. Dominance of the domestic giants. 3. Consumer and cultural challenges. 4. Distribution and logistics. The rewards are great for any foreign winery that can crack the market but the challenges are also great. The first step a winery must take before they carve out their niche, is to understand the reasons behind Chinese consumers buying habits, and how consumers purchase wine in China. Why do Chinese Consumers buy wine? The majority of wine purchases are made during the major holidays: Chinese New Year, Spring Festival, and the mid-Autumn Festival. Most of these purchases are destined as gifts for people. This is an interesting insight because gift-giving in China is important to the concept of Face.€ The Chinese wine consumer is typically a market follower, not a leader. He needs to feel safe about his purchase and does not want to lose face by choosing the wrong wine or admit that his knowledge of wine is limited. Chinese consumers buy wine to impress or gain Face€ (the Chinese word guanxi or the concept of face is somewhat analogous to influence€ or opportunities€) within their social groups. Buying the right bottle of wine for a boss during the holidays could mean a promotion. In contrast to America or Europe, wine is also used as a social lubricant in place of spirits or beer. European consumers will often pair wine with food but Chinese are more likely to use wine as a social lubricant at parties or events. How do Chinese consumers buy wine? A survey conducted by the research company Wine Intelligence, which surveyed more than 1,000 Chinese upper middle-class drinkers of imported wine found that 75% of them said they often go online to look for wine information, and 62% said they frequently use social media as a source.€ New wine consumers were increasingly reliant on the digital world to learn about wine, with an estimated 13 million Chinese adults frequently accessing information online. This is a significant percentage of consumers searching for information online. Wineries that are looking to make an impact in China must create a strong digital strategy. (Source: http://www.digitalintheround.com/chinese-wine-market-digital-strategy/)

Question 8:
If you were a foreign wine marketer, state four (4) macro-environment factors you would consider before entering the Chinese market.
(12 marks)

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