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Propyl alcohol (CH3CH2CH2OH) and isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH], whose space-filling models are shown, have boiling points of 97.2 and 82.5 °C, respectively. Explain why the boiling point of propyl alcohol is higher, even though both have the molecular formula, C3H8O.

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Tod Thiel
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13 May 2020

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Related questions

(a) PROPAN-1-OL
1-Propanol is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH (sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH). This colourless liquid is also known as propan-1-ol, 1-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, and n-propanol. It is an isomer of 2-propanol (propan-2-ol, isopropyl alcohol, isopropanol). It is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes and used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry mainly for resins and cellulose esters.
Chemical properties
1-Propanol shows the normal reactions of a primary alcohol. Thus, it can be converted to alkyl halides; for example, red phosphorus and iodine produce n-propyl iodide in 80% yield, while PCl3 with catalytic ZnCl2 gives n-propyl chloride. Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst under Fischer esterification conditions gives propyl acetate while refluxing propanol overnight with formic acid alone can produce propyl format in 65% yield. Oxidation of 1-propanol with Na2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 gives only a 36% yield of propionaldehyde, and therefore for this type of reaction higher yielding methods using PCC or the Swern oxidation are recommended. Oxidation with chromic acid yields propionic acid.



PROPAN-2-OL
Isopropyl alcohol (IUPAC name propan-2-ol; commonly called isopropanol) is a compound with the chemical formula C3H8O. It is a colourless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odour. As an isopropyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, it is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms. It is a structural isomer of 1-propanol. It is manufactured for a wide variety of industrial and household uses and is a common ingredient in chemicals such as antiseptics, disinfectants, and detergents.
Isopropyl alcohol, synonymous with 2-propanol, sec-propyl alcohol, IPA, isopropanol, or rubbing alcohol is miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It will dissolve ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, gums and natural resins. Unlike ethanol or methanol, isopropyl alcohol is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride. The process is colloquially called salting out and causes concentrated isopropyl alcohol to separate into a distinct layer.
Isopropyl alcohol forms an azeotrope with water, which gives a boiling point of 80.37 °C (176.67 °F) and a composition of 87.7 wt% (91 vol%) isopropyl alcohol. Water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures have depressed melting points. [8] It has a slightly bitter taste, and is not safe to drink

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Butane and 2-methylpropane, whose space-filling models are shown here, are both nonpolar and have the same molecular formula, C4H10, yet butane has the higher boiling point (-0.5 °C compared to -11.7 °C). Explain.

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