Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ca(OH)2 â 2Al(OH)3 + 3Ca+2 + 3SO4-2
1. Assuming that the concentration of calcium in the water is 80 mg/L (as Ca), how many mg/L of quick lime (CaO) would be needed to reduce the calcium concentration to 35 mg/L. Also assume that the reaction (conventional lime softening) is stoichiometric, that there is no excess CO2 present that needs to be removed (alum is not added as a coagulant), and that no magnesium will be removed. (Hint: all of the calcium hardness is carbonate hardness.) Atomic weights: Ca=40; O=16; C=12; H=1
2. What is the annual cost of chlorine when the plant is operated at the design flow rate of 20 MGD? Assume that the chlorine is added as a solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) having a strength of 120 g/L as Cl2, that the dosage is 5 mg/L as Cl2, and that the cost of the solution is $1.75 per gallon.
Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ca(OH)2 â 2Al(OH)3 + 3Ca+2 + 3SO4-2
1. Assuming that the concentration of calcium in the water is 80 mg/L (as Ca), how many mg/L of quick lime (CaO) would be needed to reduce the calcium concentration to 35 mg/L. Also assume that the reaction (conventional lime softening) is stoichiometric, that there is no excess CO2 present that needs to be removed (alum is not added as a coagulant), and that no magnesium will be removed. (Hint: all of the calcium hardness is carbonate hardness.) Atomic weights: Ca=40; O=16; C=12; H=1
2. What is the annual cost of chlorine when the plant is operated at the design flow rate of 20 MGD? Assume that the chlorine is added as a solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) having a strength of 120 g/L as Cl2, that the dosage is 5 mg/L as Cl2, and that the cost of the solution is $1.75 per gallon.
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