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12 Dec 2019

How do electrical power generation stations using natural gas as the fuel convert chemical potential energy into electricity?

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Jean Keeling
Jean KeelingLv2
13 Dec 2019

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Related questions

There are three main ways to make electrons move to create what we call electricity. The major one is using physical movement to turn an axle to turn a generator which makes electrons move. The second is through a chemical process called separated oxidation and reduction, which moves electrons chemically into and out of a wire, better known as a battery. The third is by use of light photons to move electrons. Which of these ways of producing electricity or energy for chemical reactions is the basis for each of the following ?

a. Coal- or natural gas-powered steam plant

b. Nuclear power plant

c. Automobile battery

d. Doped-Silicon cell

e. Solar reflector power plant

f. Tidal or wave generator

g. Hoover Dam

h. Automobile generator

i. Geothermal power generation

j. Wind turbines

k. Photosynthesis

Hydrogen gas has the potential for use as a clean fuel in reaction with oxygen. The relevant reaction is

2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(l)

Consider two possible ways of utilizing this reaction as an electrical energy source: (i) Hydrogen and oxygen gases are combusted and used to drive a generator, much as coal is currently used in the electric power industry; (ii) hydrogen and oxygen gases are used to generate electricity directly by using fuel cells that operate at 85 °C. (a) Use data in Appendix C to calculate ∆H° and ∆S° for the reaction. We will assume that these values do not change appreciably with temperature. (b) Based on the values from part (a), what trend would you expect for the magnitude of ∆G for the reaction as the temperature increases? (c)What is the significance of the change in the magnitude of ∆G with temperature with respect to the utility of hydrogen as a fuel? (d) Based on the analysis here, would it be more efficient to use the combustion method or the fuel-cell method to generate electrical energy from hydrogen?

96. In a sunny location, sunlight has a power density of about 1 kW/m². Photovoltaic solar cells can convert this power into electricity with 15% efficiency. If a typical home uses 385 kWh of electricity per month, how many square meters of solar cells are required to meet its energy requirements? Assume that elec- tricity can be generated from the sunlight for 8 hours per day. A What area of solar cells do you need to power a home?

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