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11 Dec 2019

An oxygen molecule, O2 , travels at about 480.0 m/s. If the molecule could travel in a straight line, unobstructed, how many meters would it travel in 1.00 hours?

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Reid Wolff
Reid WolffLv2
13 Dec 2019

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The distance from Earth to the Moon is approximately 240,000 mi. (a) What is this distance in meters? (b) The peregrine falcon has been measured as traveling up to 350 km/hr in a dive. If this falcon could fly to the Moon at this speed, how many seconds would it take? (c) The speed of light is 3.00 108 m/s. How long does it take for light to travel from Earth to the Moon and back again? (d) Earth travels around the Sun at an average speed of 29.783 km/s. Convert this speed to miles per hour.

In order to travel to the Moon, it would take:

c) In this case, the distance is doubled since the light should go to the Moon and come back.

Oxygen is an efficient quencher of fluorescence because it is a triplet in its electronic ground state. The unpaired spins of O2 can induce the excited state of the fluorescent molecule to undergo intersystem crossing from the singlet state to the triplet state.

(a) How would you verify the system experimentally?

(b) Assume that the quenching rate constant (the rate constant for the collision between O2 and fluorescent molecules is 1.0 x 1010 M-1 s -1 . How many collisions per second on average does each fluorescent molecule in solution experience if the [O2] = 3.4 x 10-4 M and [F] = 0.5 M, where F is the fluorescent molecule.

(c) The fluorescence lifetime of pyrene, a molecule that is often used to probe biological systems, is 500 ns, while that of tryptophan is about 5 ns. Explain why under normal atmospheric conditions O2 can interfere only with the fluorescence of pyrene but not that of tryptophan.

(d) A quantitative relationship of fluorescence quenching is the Stern-Volmer equation Io/I = 1 + kqto[Q] Where Io and I are the fluorescence intensities in the absence and presence of the quencher resepctively, kq is the quenching rate constant, to is the lifetime of the fluorescent state in the absence 2 of the quencher, and [Q] is the concentration of quencher. Use this equation to support your relationship in (c).

Oxygen is an efficient quencher of fluorescence because it is a triplet in its electronic ground state. The unpaired spins of O2 can induce the excited state of the fluorescent molecule to undergo intersystem crossing from the singlet state to the triplet state.

(a) How would you verify the system experimentally?

(b) Assume that the quenching rate constant (the rate constant for the collision between O2 and fluorescent molecules is 1.0 x 1010 M-1 s-1. How many collisions per second on average does each fluorescent molecule in solution experience if the [O2] = 3.4 x 10-4 M and [F] = 0.5 M, where F is the fluorescent molecule.

(c) The fluorescence lifetime of pyrene, a molecule that is often used to probe biological systems, is 500 ns, while that of tryptophan is about 5 ns. Explain why under normal atmospheric conditions O2 can interfere only with the fluorescence of pyrene but not that of tryptophan.

(d) A quantitative relationship of fluorescence quenching is the Stern-Volmer equation I0/I = 1 + kqƏĀ„0[Q] Where I0 and I are the fluorescence intensities in the absence and presence of the quencher resepctively, kq is the quenching rate constant, ƏĀ„0 is the lifetime of the fluorescent state in the absence 2 of the quencher, and [Q] is the concentration of quencher. Use this equation to support your relationship in (c).

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