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Consider the following process block diagram for production of acetic anhydride. Find a suitable set of tear streams and appropriate computation order for sequential modular simulation.

This is actually a chemical engineering question, however there is no option to select chemical engineering as the subject. Thank you.

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please help me with this lab.

Ethanol Production

(Thermal Energy Conservation)

Lab Objective

Through this lab exercise, the principle of conservation of charge will be demonstrated using an adopted problem-solving methodology and a simple Matlab exercise.

Materials

Matlab 2007 or higher

Lab Assignment

Introduction

GASBUGS INC. is actually a division of a much larger alternate, fuel-generating corporation known as BIOFUELS INTERNATIONAL. One thing this company produces is ethanol (C₂H₆O) from an industrial process that uses a type of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The elemental formula of S. cerevisiae is CH_1.83 O_0.56 N_0.17 and it has a heat of combustion of approximately -21.2 kJ/g. In their batch process, .25lb_mNH₃ and 5.0lb_m glucose are combined with the yeast at 25^oC. After the reaction goes to completion (at least one of the starting reactants is used up), 1. 4 lb_m of ethanol is produced. The unbalanced reaction for this process is:

C₂H₆O (s) + NH₃ (g) â C₃H₈O₃ (l) + C₂H₆O (l) + CH_1.83 O_0.56 N_{0.17 +} CO₂(g) + H₂O (l)

Note: 1 mol of glucose produces .5 mole glycerol (C₃H₈O₃₎ and that the ration of NH₃ to H₂O is 1:1.

You are told that it is likely that too much glucose is being added in the batch reactor process. It is your goal as the production engineering support specialist working for BIOFUELS INTERNATIONAL to model this scenario to determine how much unnecessary glucose is being added to reduce waste and cost.

Procedure

Follow the 4 steps of methodology for solving problems on pp. 44â46 of your textbook to set up the model.

Using MATLAB, create a plot that demonstrates the impact on ethanol production as the amount of glucose in the reactor varies from 1.0 lb_m to 10 lb_m.

Questions

How much excess glucose was being added to the reactor?

What is the ideal amount needed?

How much heat was produced and subsequently removed from the system?

Interpret the Matlab plot produced.

1.8 Methodology for Solving Engineering Problems. page 44-46. four steps.

Developing a pattern or methodology for solving engineering problems is important for consistency and thoroughness. The application of accounting and/conservation equations (discussed in Chapters 2â6) should be carried out in an organized manner; this makes the solution easy to follow, check, and be used by others. As a new engineer, you may find going through these many steps tedious and excessive for seemingly simple problems. However, when the level of difficulty increases, having a method or process to fall back on will be invaluable. Experienced engineers use most of the steps below when solving real-world problems.

The methodology laid out here or one similar to it should be used to solve problems throughout your career. The method outlined below is a general guide of the steps that will be followed to solve problems in Chapters 3â6 of this book, and as in real-world problems, only steps applicable to the problem should be performed. Other methodologies for solving problems are also valid; the critical issue is that you develop a thorough method and implement it regularly. As you mature as an engineer, it is appropriate that you develop your own problem-solving method.

1. Assemble. Information regarding the problem, including a picture, should be assembled and rewritten.

(a) The objective of the problem or the answer that you are seeking to findshould be clearly stated. This is often written as: Find: the flow rate ...

(b) Draw a diagram showing all relevant information. Often a simple box diagram showing all components entering and leaving the system allows information to be summarized in a convenient way. The system, surroundings, and system boundary should be drawn and labeled. When possible, all known quantitative information should be shown on the diagram.

(c) Set up a calculation table. The known values on your diagram, the components entering and leaving the system, form the foundation for the table. Units should be consistent across the table. The unknown components on the table (blanks) are often the desired answers. As you solve for different components, you can fill in the table. (Developing a table is optional, although useful, especially in multicomponent mass balance problems)

2. Analyze. A framework for understanding what is known and what is not known is developed at this stage.

(a) State any assumptions applied to the problem. Biological systems are extremely complex, since many processes and reactions, as well as transport of materials, are often going on simultaneously. Knowing when and where to make assumptions to simplify the system to a few salient features is the mark of an outstanding engineer. An example of an assumption is that the human forearm can be modeled as a cylinder.

(b) Collect and state any extra data. In this step, you may need to research information about a component in your system that was not given in the problem definition. An example of extra data that you may need to look up is the viscosity of plasma.

(c) List the variables and notations (symbols) adapted for the problem, and select a set of units for the problem. Typically, a choice is made to use either metric or British units throughout the problem.

[Note: The notations for variables may vary from discipline to discipline, but standard variables that are inherently understood within a subject do not always need to be listed. For example, kinetic energy is defined as EKin physics, but as T in mechanics. If you are calculating data that will be shared with coworkers of the same discipline, it is not necessary to define standard variables. Rather, variables specific to an aspect of the problem need to be defined (e.g., Fs = force of the astronaut on a chair).]

(d) State a basis of calculation. A basis is a specified input or output to a system (usually given as a flow rate or amount). In some problem statements, the basis is given. In other problems, values of components are given relative to one another and not as absolute amounts or rates. Select a basis if one is not given. Mass (Chapter 3) and energy (Chapter 4) problems often need a basis.

(e) If the problem involves chemical reaction(s), list the compounds involved and stoichiometrically balance the equation(s).

3. Calculate. Equations are developed and solved in a logical manner.

(a) Write down all appropriate accounting and/or conservation equations.Writing down the governing equations and then simplifying them by analyzing the system to eliminate unnecessary terms can be a helpful tool in solving engineering problems. For example, if asking the question, âIs this system at steady-state?â results in a positive response, the governing equation may be simplified by making the Accumulation term equal zero. This concept will be discussed further in Chapter 2. Write down any other essential equations needed to solve the problem.

(b) By applying the appropriate equations, calculate the unknown quantities. This is the heart of solving the problem and may require extensive effort. In some cases, the calculation of unknown quantities can be done sequentially. In other cases, it may be best to solve a series of equations using MATLAB or other computer software.

[Note: For a multi-unit or complex mass and energy conservation problems, a strategy to solve the problem may be required. A degree-of-freedom analysis is a systematic method to demonstrate whether a problem can be solved with the stated information and can help determine the sequence in which the equations should be solved. This process is discussed in chemical engineering textbooks (e.g., Reklaitis, Introduction to Material and Energy Balances, 1983).]

4. Finalize. Correct answers to the problem statement are stated clearly.

(a) State the answers clearly with appropriate significant figures and units. Confirm that you answered the specific questions asked by the problem

Laboratory Report Cover Sheet
DeVry University
College of Engineering and Information Sciences

Course Number: ECET301

Professor:

Laboratory Number: 3

Laboratory Title: Ethanol Production

Submittal Date: Click here to enter a date.

Write a brief technical lab report summarizing the technical facts learned from this lab. The report should be organized to provide the following:

Section 1âIntroduction: An introductory/summary paragraph describing the type of conservation principle being analyzed and the key elements that will be discussed relating to this principle.

Section 2âModel: The documented model using the standard problem-solving methodology in section 1.8 of your text.

Section 3âPlot: Matlab plot with script to generate.

Section 4âDiscussion: A section describing the most important characteristics shown, or demonstrate via the modeled and collected data. Also include a practical example of how the information learned in this assignment might help you in a job setting in the real world.

Section 5âConcluding Remarks: A summary statement listing the most positive aspects of the assignment and any difficulties encountered.

Learning objectives To gain an understanding of how to derive mathematical models to describe the operation of batch, semi-batch and continuous flow reactors. To gain an understanding of how to use mathematical models, by employing a numerical method, to find the performance characteristics of chemical reactors such as the product distribution. Skills outcomes Ability to analyse modes of process operation of chemical reactors. Ability to solve problems related to reactor design and employ appropriate numerical techniques to perform quantitative analysis of reactor performance. Assignment Description Consider the batch process shown in Figure 1: a stirred tank (CSTR-100) is connected in series with a reactor (CRV 100) containing a mass per unit volume, W, of solid catalyst. The reactants and products of the reaction process are all liquids which are circulated via a pump (P-100), There is no feed to this closed-loop system and no product is withdrawn. No chemical reaction process occurs in the absence of catalyst hence none occurs in the stirred tank. Assume that initially the tank and reactor contain only reagent A You may also assume: the tank and the reactor are instantaneously well mixed, there is no change in fluid density accompanying the reaction process. the volume of the liquid in the connecting pipe work may be neglected, there is no resistance to mass transfer in the reactor (at the interface between the solid-catalyst particles and the liquid), Figure 1 schematic diagram of units in the batch process The reaction scheme is A notequalto B rightarrow C The first reaction is first order with respect to A in the forward direction, with rate constant, k_u and first order with respect to B in the reverse direction with rate constant, k_lb The second reaction is irreversible and first order with respect to B with rate constant k_a For a solid-catalysed process an appropriate batch-reactor performance equation for reagent A is I/C_A0 = V/W integral_0^XA dX_A/-r_A^r Here, t is elapsed time, C_sa is the initial concentration of reagent A V is the volume of liquid in the reactor, X_a is the fractional conversion of reagent A and r_A^r is the rate of appearance by chemical reaction of reagent A in moles per unit mass of solid-catalyst per unit time. What are the units of the rate constants The volume of the stirred tank is V_1 and the volume of the void-space in the reactor is V_2. By performing a material balance derive performance equations describing the time dependence of the concentration of reagent A and products Band C in the stirred tank. Explain the meaning of any terms you introduce Similarly derive performance equations describing the time dependence of the concentration of reagent A and products Band C in the reactor. Explain the meaning of any terms you introduce Using the performance equations you have derived in parts and investigate how the distribution of products the tank and in the reactor varies with time depending on la the ratio where q is the volumetric flow rate, the ratio the ratio and the ratio Assume that is constant, 1 mole/litre, and that v_2 and w are constant. In your assignment report you must provide the evidence on which you have based your investigation and hence your conclusions. This includes output from any numerical approach you use to solve the performance equations such as the Euler method implemented in an Excel spreadsheet, You must decide on an appropriate range of ratio values to use for (d and then justify the values you have selected in your write-up. You should mot write more than 2500 words for part excluding table captions and figure captions. Provide a brief summary to your report

This Thermodynamics Lab is somewhat different from the norm. I have attached the Thermo lab that normally would be performed by the student for this Thermo class. Each student would be one of several in a small group of students taking their turn at performing an experiment on a single, small steam boiler. As may be read in the Lab Protocol, the experiment consists of measuring the temperature and pressure of the water as it is electrically heated from liquid water to vapor steam as a function of time. It is an interesting experiment BUT I think a more interesting experiment (even if it is only a Gedanken Experiment[1]) would be to transform this lab theme into a practical example. Iâve chosen a simple experiment that involves a 2 or 4-cup espresso coffee pot as a practical example of the heating and thus the pressurization of water in a closed vessel. The espresso coffee pot is used in homes and not in cafes where a more sophisticated steam generator is used to produce the rich espresso coffee (see Attachment No. 1 for âhuman interestâ story related to this coffee pot

[1] A Gedanken Experiment was often used in the early years of the 1900âs in physics by the Leaders of theoretical physics such as Bohr, Einstein, Madame Curie, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, et al. It consists of a simple sketch and a very basic thought experiment of ââ¦what would happen ifâ. It was often used when experimental apparatus was not yet available to actually do the experiment to test a hypothesis.

The coffee pot will be available for your inspection in class and the attached photo of an âexploded viewâ of the pot is offered for your review. If you have access of one of these pots, then your reward for actually doing the experiment will be to enjoy the coffee that is produced. However, this lab

can be completed as a simple âthought experimentâ with some calculations required.

By inspecting the attached sketch you will note that the pot is actually a closed vessel once the pot is filled with water, the coffee basket/strainer is filled with coffee, and the top is tightly screwed together with the bottom that is filled water. There is a pressure relief valve shown and a gasket on the top chamber that keeps a tight seal between the top and bottom halves. The heated fluid will be forced through the coffee strainer via the inverted spout that is submerged in the water. If the experiment is successful, the espresso coffee is found in the top chamber.

The âexperimentâ is essentially to answer the following questions. BUT, the Lab Report should present a professional summary of the experiment using a sketch and/or photo (from any source with appropriate credit given) and any necessary calculations that was performed in order to answer the question.

Question 1. Clearly and carefully describe the heating process with a concise written description of the process. It is suggested that the description will be easier to explain if it is accompanied by a sketch of the process on a P (or T) vs. v (specific volume). Try to sketch what you believe to be the shape of the temperature change of the pot and water vs. time for the entire process. Also indicate what could happen if the source of heat is not turned-off after the coffee is produced. What is the motive force that moves the cold water to the top chamber?

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