2. Describe the processes that result in global warming. Identify the major causes and the current and future effects, discuss the existing evidence for climate change, outline the projected changes in greenhouse gas levels over the 21st century and the consequences.
Part D Answer all 5 of the following problems (6 marks each): 1. Convert a concentration of 32 ppb for any pollutant to its value on (a) the ppm scale; (b) the molecules per cm3 scale (c) the molarity scale Assume 25°C and a total pressure of 1.0atm
2. The half-life of CFC-11 in the atmosphere is 60.0 years. If the input of CFC-11 to the atmosphere is stopped now, how long will it take for its concentration to fall to 10% of current levels?
3. Calculate the pH of natural rainwater at 25°C, given that the CO2 concentration in air is 372 ppm (present level), and that for carbon dioxide the Henryâs Law constant Kh = 3.4x10-2 mol/l/atm and Ka for H2CO3 has a value of 4.5x10-7 mol-L. Assume that the following reaction is the only significant source of acidity: H2CO3 = HCO3 - + H+
4. Balance the following equations: i. C106H263O110N16P + O2 = CO2 + NO3 - + HPO4 - + H2O + H+ ii. Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 + H+ + H2O = Mg2+ + H4SiO4 iii. SO4 2- + Fe2O3 + C + H2O = FeS2 + HCO3 - + CO3 2-
5. A power plant burns 10,000 metric tons of coal (assume it is pure C) per day and emits stack gas with 100 ppmv NO. If it uses 10% excess air (which is 21 mol% O2), what is the daily output of NO?
2. Describe the processes that result in global warming. Identify the major causes and the current and future effects, discuss the existing evidence for climate change, outline the projected changes in greenhouse gas levels over the 21st century and the consequences.
Part D Answer all 5 of the following problems (6 marks each): 1. Convert a concentration of 32 ppb for any pollutant to its value on (a) the ppm scale; (b) the molecules per cm3 scale (c) the molarity scale Assume 25°C and a total pressure of 1.0atm
2. The half-life of CFC-11 in the atmosphere is 60.0 years. If the input of CFC-11 to the atmosphere is stopped now, how long will it take for its concentration to fall to 10% of current levels?
3. Calculate the pH of natural rainwater at 25°C, given that the CO2 concentration in air is 372 ppm (present level), and that for carbon dioxide the Henryâs Law constant Kh = 3.4x10-2 mol/l/atm and Ka for H2CO3 has a value of 4.5x10-7 mol-L. Assume that the following reaction is the only significant source of acidity: H2CO3 = HCO3 - + H+
4. Balance the following equations: i. C106H263O110N16P + O2 = CO2 + NO3 - + HPO4 - + H2O + H+ ii. Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 + H+ + H2O = Mg2+ + H4SiO4 iii. SO4 2- + Fe2O3 + C + H2O = FeS2 + HCO3 - + CO3 2-
5. A power plant burns 10,000 metric tons of coal (assume it is pure C) per day and emits stack gas with 100 ppmv NO. If it uses 10% excess air (which is 21 mol% O2), what is the daily output of NO?
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