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Effective nuclear charge, Zeff, is defined as Zeff=Z?S where Z is true nuclear charge and S is the amount of shielding. While there are a number of factors that play into sheilding, we will be using a simplified generalization based on the average behavior of different types of electrons. In our case, the shielding constant, S, will be estimated as equal to the number of core shell electrons in the atom. We will back up to the previous Noble Gas to determine the number of core shell electrons. The number of electrons in the Noble Gas just before the atom of interest will be considered equal to the sheilding constant.
A. Calculate Zeff for a valence electron in an oxygen atom. Express your answer numerically.
B. Calculate Zeff for the 4s electron in a copper atom, Cu. Express your answer numerically.
What is the electron configuration of the outermost electrons of atoms of the noble gas group and halogens?
Noble gases:
Halogens:
(a) What is the electron configuration for phosphorus using an orbital box diagram and noble gas notation?
(b) What are the complete set of four quantum numbers for each of the electrons beyond the preceding noble gas in the configuration of phosphorus?