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10 Nov 2019

Trace the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA through one turn of thecitric acid cycle by selecting the carbon atom or atoms of eachintermediate that would become labeled from 1-14C-acetyl Coa. (Toselect a carbon, just click on it and it will turn green. Becareful not to select bonds. If you make a mistake, deselect anatom by clicking a second time.)

Trace the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA through one turn of the citric acid cycle by selecting the carbon atom or atoms of each intermediate that would become labeled from 1-14C-acetyl Coa. (To select a carbon, just click on it and it will turn green. Be careful not to select bonds. If you make a mistake, deselect an atom by clicking a second time.)

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Please help me finish lab...my lab stopped working and I can'tget the labs to finish. I highlighted and underlined my answers. Ibolded the questions that I could not finish.

1-4: Investigating the Properties of Alpha and BetaParticles

As scientists began investigating the properties of atoms, theirfirst discovery was that they could extract

negatively charged particles. They called these particleselectrons, but they are also known as beta

particles in the context of nuclear decay. Robert Millikan usedbeta particles in his famous Oil Drop

Experiment. Another particle ejected during nuclear decay is thealpha particle. An alpha particle is a

helium nucleus, or a helium atom without its two electrons.Consequently, an alpha particle is positively

charged. Ernest Rutherford used alpha particles in his Gold FoilExperiment.

1. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Alpha and BetaParticles from the list of assignments. The lab will open inthe Quantum laboratory.

2. What source is used in this experiment? Drag yourcursor over the source to identify it.

ElectronGun

What type of charge do electrons have? Negative

What detector is used in this experiment? A phosporScreen

3. Turn on the Phosphor Screen. (Click on the green/redbutton.)

What do you observe? A dot in the center of thescreen

The phosphor screen detects charged particles (such aselectrons) and it glows momentarily at the positions where theparticles impact the screen.

4. Drag the lab window down and left and the phosphor screenwindow up and right in order to

minimize the overlap. Push the Gridbutton on the phosphor screen, and set the Magnetic Fieldto 30

?T. (Click the button above the tens place three times. If youmistakenly click between digits, it will

move the decimal point. Click it to place it where it wasoriginally and then click above the tens

place.)

What happens to the spot from the electron gun on thephosphor screen? the dot moves to theright

5. Click once above the tens place on the ElectricField meter. Observe the spot. Click a second time

above the tens place on the Electric Field.

What happens to the spot from the electron gun on thephosphor screen? The dot moves to theleft

6. Zero out the Magnetic Field and ElectricField meters by clicking on the appropriate digit buttonsuntil the spot on the phosphor screen is centered again.

7. Double-click or click and drag the electron gun to move it tothe Stockroom counter. Enter the Stockroom byclicking inside the Stockroom. Double-click the electrongun to move it back to the shelf. Double-click on the alpha sourceto select it and move it to the Stockroom counter. Clickon the green Return to Lab arrow to return to the lab.Drag the alpha source from the Stockroom counter and placeit on the table where the electron gun was originally placed (themiddle spot light). Click on the front of the alpha source to openthe shutter.

What appears on thephosphor screen?

Atomic Theory

8. Change the unit for the Magnetic Field from ?T to mTby clicking once above the unit. Click above the hundreds placethree times to set the Magnetic Field to 300 mT(millitesla). This magnetic field is one million times strongerthan what we used for the electron gun.

Whichdirection is the spot deflected when the magnetic field isincreased this time?

How doesthis compare with the direction of movement when the magnetic fieldwas turned on for the electrons?

9. Change the unit for the Electric Field from V to kVby clicking once above the unit. Observe the spot as you increasethe Electric Field strength from 0 kV to 5 kV. Themovement is slight so pay careful attention.

Whichdirection is the spot moved when you increase the ElectricField?

How doesthis compare with the direction of movement for the electron beamin the Electric Field?

Why does ittake significantly stronger magnetic and electric field strengthsto move the beam of alpha particles compared with the beam ofelectrons (beta particles)?

10. Return the values on the two meters to zero. Double-click(or click and drag) the alpha source and the phosphor screen toreturn them to the Stockroom counter. Enter theStockroom. Double-click on the alpha source and thephosphor screen to place them on the shelf. Select the laser andthe video camera by double-clicking on them, and then click on thegreen Return to Lab arrow to return to the lab. Place thelaser in the center spotlight on the left and turn the laser on(click on the red/green light). Place the video camera on thecenter spotlight on the right and click the video camera to turn iton. Set the laser intensity to 1 nW and the wavelength to 20 nm.This wavelength is in the x-ray region of the electromagneticspectrum. The purple dot is a representation of the x-rays hittingthe video camera. Change the Electric Field andMagnetic Field to determine the effect on the x-rays.

Did theelectric or magnetic fields affect the x-rays? Why or whynot?

Summarizewhat you have learned about electrons (beta particles), alphaparticles, and x-rays.

Decomposition of Malachite

Here is what Malachite is Made Out Of

Malachite is a famous and very popular semi-precious stone. Its banded light and dark green bands are one-of-a-kind, and give it a unique ornamental quality unlike that of any other stone. The light and dark green bands are so distinctive that malachite may be one of the most easily recognized minerals by the general public. Malachite is popular in jewelry, especially Native American southwestern jewelry. The stones inlayed in silver make a nice alternative to traditional turquoise jewelry.

Malachite is a form of copper carbonate with the molecular formula Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂. When heated to around 200 ï¿½C, malachite decomposes into copper (II) oxide (CuO) and other products.

Reaction Stoichiometry

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore, the number of atoms of each element on the reactants side must be same as the number of atoms on the products side. This quantitative study of chemical reactions is called stoichiometry. The substances in a balanced reaction are related to each other by stoichiometric molar ratios. For example, magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid in a 1:2 stoichiometric ratio in the balanced equation below.

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

The molar ratios can be used as conversion factors to find the amount (in moles) of one substance given the amount of another. For example, given the number of moles of HCl, the amount of MgCl₂ can be determined as shown below.

nMgCl2=nHCl x (1mol MgCl2) / (2mol HCL)

The molar ratios are used to determine the amount in moles. However, the amount of reactant or product is often measured in grams. Mass can be converted to moles and vice versa as shown below.

n = m / (MM)

m = n x MM

where n is the number of moles, m is the mass of the product in g, and MM is its molar mass in g/mol.

To observe the Law of Conservation of Mass, you can perform different types of chemical reactions. For example, you can use a decomposition reaction to observe one compound being broken down into two or more elements or new compounds. For this reaction to take place, you must break existing bonds within the starting compound. Different sources of energy such as heat, light, or electricity may be used. Through a decomposition reaction, you can observe that the atoms in the original compound are not destroyed but are rearranged to form simpler substances, such as elements or compounds.

About This Lab

In this lab, you will test if the relationship between malachite and copper (II) oxide is stoichiometric. To do this, you will heat a known mass of malachite to produce copper (II) oxide. You will then compare the amount of copper (II) oxide obtained experimentally with the amount of copper (II) oxide expected from the balanced equation for the decomposition reaction.

1.Take a crucible from the Containers shelf and place it on the workbench.

2.Take a balance from the Instruments shelf and place it on the workbench.

3.Move the crucible onto the balance. Record the mass of the empty crucible to the nearest 0.001g in your Lab Notes.

4.Move the crucible onto the workbench.

5.Take copper (II) carbonate hydroxide from the Materials shelf and add 10 g to the crucible.

6.Move the crucible onto the balance and record the mass of the crucible containing copper (II) carbonate hydroxide in your Lab Notes.

7.Take a Bunsen burner from the Instruments shelf and place it on the workbench.

8.Move the crucible onto the Bunsen burner.

9.Double-click on the crucible to open its properties. Select Show Contents and click OK. This gives you a cut-away view of the crucible's contents.

10.Turn the Bunsen burner on to low flame by clicking the knob at the bottom once. Clicking multiple times will increase the intensity of the flame until it is turned off.

11.Watch the crucible until the malachite fully decomposes. You will see a distinct color change.

12.Move the crucible onto the workbench to cool.

13.Turn off your Bunsen burner.

14.Weigh the crucible with its contents and record the mass to the nearest 0.001 g in your Lab Notes.

Clear your station.

Lab Notes:

Numbers below refer to numbers in the above âAbout this Labâ

3. Empty crucible = 88 g

5. Added 10 g of Copper (II) carbonate hydroxide to crucible

6. Crucible with Copper (II) carbonate hydroxide = 98 g

11. to Black

14. after heating crucible with its contents = 95.195

Questions I have answered:

How many grams of malachite did you add to the crucible? 10g

How many grams of product were in the crucible after heating? 7.195

By how much did the mass of the crucible's contents change after heating? -2.805

The molar mass of malachite is 221.1 g/mol. How many moles of malachite were present before the reaction? 0.04523 mol

The product remaining in the crucible after heating is copper (II) oxide. The molar mass of copper (II) oxide is 79.55 g/mol. How many moles of copper (II) oxide were produced during the reaction?

0.0945 mol

Please answer the following:

Q1 a. Which of the following represents the balanced chemical equation for this reaction?

Cu2CO3(OH)2=2CuO+H2O

Cu2CO3(OH)2=CuO+CO2

Cu2CO3(OH)2=2CuO+H2O+CO2

Cu2CO3(OH)2=CuO+H2O+CO2

b. Based on the number of moles of malachite that you started with, how many grams of water were produced? The molar mass of water is 18.0153 g/mol. Choose the closest answer.

1.815 g 0.8148 g 1.630 g 1.982 g

c. Based on the number of moles of malachite that you started with, how many moles of CO₂were produced? Choose the closest answer.

1.000 mol 0.04523 mol 0.9000 mol 0.09045 mol

d. Based on the number of moles of malachite that you started with, how many grams of CO₂were produced? The molar mass of CO₂ is 44.01 g/mol. Choose the closest answer.

1.991 g 0.4401 g 0.04523 g 3.981 g

Q2a. Based on the number of grams of CO₂ and H₂O produced during the reaction, does this compensate for the observed loss of mass?

A. No, because this violates the law of conservation of mass

B. yes, this compensates for the mass lost in the reaction

C. No, because more copper oxide was produced

D. No because mass is conserved

b. You observed that the products in the crucible weigh less than the reactants that you added. How is this possible?

A. Mass was lost due to experimental error

B. The Malachite absorbed CO2 from the air

C. CO2 and H2O were released as gases

D. Mass was converted to energy

c. What kind of a reaction took place upon heating?

A. decomposition

B. single displacement

C. synthesis

D. Double displacement

d. Baking soda is used as a leavening agent in baking. When heated, baking soda undergoes a decomposition reaction to form carbon dioxide. Given the data below, which of the following reactions occurs during baking? The molar mass of baking soda is 84.007 g/mol and the molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44.01 g/mol.

Mass of empty crucible (g) = 55.000

mass of crucible with baking soda (g) = 57.000

mass of crucible and contents after the reaction (g) =56.260

A. 2NaHCO3= 2Na+2CO2 +H2O

B. 2NaHCO3 = Na2O + 2CO2 +H2O

C. NaHCO3 = NaOH +CO2

D. 2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + CO2 +H2O

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